Exploring the thermal-induced optical nonlinearity of crude oil via spatial self-phase modulation technique

Abstract This study aims to investigate the nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of diluted crude oil samples from the Ramshir, Rag-e-Sefid, and Ahwaz-20 reservoir fields in the southwest region of Iran. Utilizing spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) techniques, we measured the nonlinear refracti...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Moein Golestanifar, Mohammad Ali Haddad, Amir Namiq Hassan, Kianoush Pakravan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88576-2
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