Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics system
Abstract Background Akabane virus (AKAV) is an arthropod-borne virus that causes congenital malformations and neuropathology in cattle and sheep. In South Korea, AKAVs are classified into two main genogroups: K0505 and AKAV-7 strains. The K0505 strain infects pregnant cattle, leading to fetal abnorm...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04459-0 |
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| author | Eun-Jee Na Chang-Gi Jeong Su-Beom Chae Jae-Ku Oem |
| author_facet | Eun-Jee Na Chang-Gi Jeong Su-Beom Chae Jae-Ku Oem |
| author_sort | Eun-Jee Na |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Akabane virus (AKAV) is an arthropod-borne virus that causes congenital malformations and neuropathology in cattle and sheep. In South Korea, AKAVs are classified into two main genogroups: K0505 and AKAV-7 strains. The K0505 strain infects pregnant cattle, leading to fetal abnormalities, while the AKAV-7 strain induces encephalomyelitis in post-natal cattle. The pathogenicities of K0505 and AKAV-7 strains differ significantly; however, the specific gene in the AKAV-7 strain that drives its pathogenicity remains unidentified. In this study, changes in viral replication and pathogenicity were investigated, particularly when the S segment of AKAV-7 was mutated using a T7 RNA polymerase-based reverse genetics (RG) system. Results The rAKAV-7ΔNSs virus, with a deletion in the NSs protein of the wild-type AKAV-7 virus (wtAKAV-7), and the rAKAV-7(S-K0505) virus, where the S segment of wtAKAV-7 was reassorted with that from the wild type K0505 strain (wtK0505), were successfully rescued. The rAKAV-7ΔNSs virus demonstrated impaired replication in Vero cells and exhibited reduced mortality and RNA viral load in the organs of suckling mice compared to the wtAKAV-7. The rAKAV-7(S-K0505) virus displayed similar growth kinetics in Vero cells and showed no significant reduction in mortality rate in suckling mice compared to wtAKAV-7. Conclusions These observations suggest that the S segment, especially the NS protein, is associated with the pathogenicity of AKAV-7. Also, the results imply that the L and M segments might explain the differences in pathogenicity between the AKAV-7 and K0505 strains. Moreover, our findings indicate the potential for reassortment between distinct genogroups of AKAVs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-22947d3ca5e64b90a2742cac720e34a2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-22947d3ca5e64b90a2742cac720e34a22025-01-19T12:27:17ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-01-0121111210.1186/s12917-024-04459-0Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics systemEun-Jee Na0Chang-Gi Jeong1Su-Beom Chae2Jae-Ku Oem3Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National UniversityLaboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National UniversityLaboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National UniversityLaboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary of Medicine, Jeonbuk National UniversityAbstract Background Akabane virus (AKAV) is an arthropod-borne virus that causes congenital malformations and neuropathology in cattle and sheep. In South Korea, AKAVs are classified into two main genogroups: K0505 and AKAV-7 strains. The K0505 strain infects pregnant cattle, leading to fetal abnormalities, while the AKAV-7 strain induces encephalomyelitis in post-natal cattle. The pathogenicities of K0505 and AKAV-7 strains differ significantly; however, the specific gene in the AKAV-7 strain that drives its pathogenicity remains unidentified. In this study, changes in viral replication and pathogenicity were investigated, particularly when the S segment of AKAV-7 was mutated using a T7 RNA polymerase-based reverse genetics (RG) system. Results The rAKAV-7ΔNSs virus, with a deletion in the NSs protein of the wild-type AKAV-7 virus (wtAKAV-7), and the rAKAV-7(S-K0505) virus, where the S segment of wtAKAV-7 was reassorted with that from the wild type K0505 strain (wtK0505), were successfully rescued. The rAKAV-7ΔNSs virus demonstrated impaired replication in Vero cells and exhibited reduced mortality and RNA viral load in the organs of suckling mice compared to the wtAKAV-7. The rAKAV-7(S-K0505) virus displayed similar growth kinetics in Vero cells and showed no significant reduction in mortality rate in suckling mice compared to wtAKAV-7. Conclusions These observations suggest that the S segment, especially the NS protein, is associated with the pathogenicity of AKAV-7. Also, the results imply that the L and M segments might explain the differences in pathogenicity between the AKAV-7 and K0505 strains. Moreover, our findings indicate the potential for reassortment between distinct genogroups of AKAVs.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04459-0Akabane virusReverse genetics systemS segmentReassortmentSuckling mousePathogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Eun-Jee Na Chang-Gi Jeong Su-Beom Chae Jae-Ku Oem Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics system BMC Veterinary Research Akabane virus Reverse genetics system S segment Reassortment Suckling mouse Pathogenicity |
| title | Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics system |
| title_full | Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics system |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics system |
| title_short | Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics system |
| title_sort | investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the s segment in akabane virus using a reverse genetics system |
| topic | Akabane virus Reverse genetics system S segment Reassortment Suckling mouse Pathogenicity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04459-0 |
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