Blending of Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Urea Improve Rainfed Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency While Reducing Apparent N Losses
Effective nitrogen (N) management practices are essential for achieving efficient and sustainable agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to improve N use efficiency (NUE) and minimize N loss by optimizing the rate and type of N fertilizer application while maintaining a high yield of...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Jinjin Guo Hanran Yang Yong Yuan Pengzhou Yin Nv Zhang Zhizhao Lin Qichang Ma Qiliang Yang Xiaogang Liu Haidong Wang Fucang Zhang |
| author_facet | Jinjin Guo Hanran Yang Yong Yuan Pengzhou Yin Nv Zhang Zhizhao Lin Qichang Ma Qiliang Yang Xiaogang Liu Haidong Wang Fucang Zhang |
| author_sort | Jinjin Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Effective nitrogen (N) management practices are essential for achieving efficient and sustainable agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to improve N use efficiency (NUE) and minimize N loss by optimizing the rate and type of N fertilizer application while maintaining a high yield of maize. A two-year field experiment with U (urea), S (slow-release N fertilizer), and SU (blending of S and U) under four N application levels (N1: 90 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, N2: 120 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, N3: 180 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, N4: 240 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) was conducted to investigate their effects on ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization, residual soil nitrate N (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), yield, NUE, apparent N losses of rainfed maize. NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization in SU and S were 38.46% and 16.57% lower than that in U, respectively. SU and S were found to reduce the apparent N losses by 42.98% and 62.23%. SU decreased <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> leaching in deep soils and increased <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> content in topsoil. Compared with U and S, SU significantly increased yield, plant N accumulation, and NUE. SUN4 achieved the maximum maize yield and plant N accumulation, averaging 7968.36 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> and 166.45 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, the high yield and NUE were obtained when the mixing ratio of S and U was 53–58% and the N application rate was 150–220 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. The findings highlight that SU effectively reduces N losses while ensuring high yield, which could be used as one of the optimal N fertilization strategies for rainfed maize in Northwest China. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-21c31af5807744e492669e072f4d6bbf2025-01-24T13:16:20ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-12-011511110.3390/agronomy15010011Blending of Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Urea Improve Rainfed Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency While Reducing Apparent N LossesJinjin Guo0Hanran Yang1Yong Yuan2Pengzhou Yin3Nv Zhang4Zhizhao Lin5Qichang Ma6Qiliang Yang7Xiaogang Liu8Haidong Wang9Fucang Zhang10Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaFaculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaEffective nitrogen (N) management practices are essential for achieving efficient and sustainable agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to improve N use efficiency (NUE) and minimize N loss by optimizing the rate and type of N fertilizer application while maintaining a high yield of maize. A two-year field experiment with U (urea), S (slow-release N fertilizer), and SU (blending of S and U) under four N application levels (N1: 90 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, N2: 120 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, N3: 180 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, N4: 240 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) was conducted to investigate their effects on ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization, residual soil nitrate N (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), yield, NUE, apparent N losses of rainfed maize. NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization in SU and S were 38.46% and 16.57% lower than that in U, respectively. SU and S were found to reduce the apparent N losses by 42.98% and 62.23%. SU decreased <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> leaching in deep soils and increased <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> content in topsoil. Compared with U and S, SU significantly increased yield, plant N accumulation, and NUE. SUN4 achieved the maximum maize yield and plant N accumulation, averaging 7968.36 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> and 166.45 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, the high yield and NUE were obtained when the mixing ratio of S and U was 53–58% and the N application rate was 150–220 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. The findings highlight that SU effectively reduces N losses while ensuring high yield, which could be used as one of the optimal N fertilization strategies for rainfed maize in Northwest China.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/11N fertilizer typegrain yieldapparent N lossesammonia volatilizationN use efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Jinjin Guo Hanran Yang Yong Yuan Pengzhou Yin Nv Zhang Zhizhao Lin Qichang Ma Qiliang Yang Xiaogang Liu Haidong Wang Fucang Zhang Blending of Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Urea Improve Rainfed Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency While Reducing Apparent N Losses Agronomy N fertilizer type grain yield apparent N losses ammonia volatilization N use efficiency |
| title | Blending of Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Urea Improve Rainfed Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency While Reducing Apparent N Losses |
| title_full | Blending of Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Urea Improve Rainfed Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency While Reducing Apparent N Losses |
| title_fullStr | Blending of Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Urea Improve Rainfed Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency While Reducing Apparent N Losses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blending of Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Urea Improve Rainfed Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency While Reducing Apparent N Losses |
| title_short | Blending of Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Urea Improve Rainfed Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency While Reducing Apparent N Losses |
| title_sort | blending of slow release n fertilizer and urea improve rainfed maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency while reducing apparent n losses |
| topic | N fertilizer type grain yield apparent N losses ammonia volatilization N use efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/11 |
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