Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potentials of Thai Edible Flowers from the <i>Curcuma</i> spp. (Zingiberaceae)

This study investigated the aroma profiles, nutritional composition, and bioactive potential of three edible <i>Curcuma</i> species, namely <i>Curcuma candida</i>, <i>C. singularis</i>, and <i>C. petiolata</i>, traditionally consumed in Northern Thaila...

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Main Authors: Sarana Rose Sommano, Sureerat Thomya, Pasin Norkum Ai, Julaluk Khemacheewakul, R. Sindhu, Shashanka K. Prasad, Pawenud Thongdang, Apinya Rachkeeree, Methee Wongnak, Prateep Panyadee, Ratchadawan Puangpradab, Ratchuporn Suksathan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Diversity
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/4/224
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author Sarana Rose Sommano
Sureerat Thomya
Pasin Norkum Ai
Julaluk Khemacheewakul
R. Sindhu
Shashanka K. Prasad
Pawenud Thongdang
Apinya Rachkeeree
Methee Wongnak
Prateep Panyadee
Ratchadawan Puangpradab
Ratchuporn Suksathan
author_facet Sarana Rose Sommano
Sureerat Thomya
Pasin Norkum Ai
Julaluk Khemacheewakul
R. Sindhu
Shashanka K. Prasad
Pawenud Thongdang
Apinya Rachkeeree
Methee Wongnak
Prateep Panyadee
Ratchadawan Puangpradab
Ratchuporn Suksathan
author_sort Sarana Rose Sommano
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated the aroma profiles, nutritional composition, and bioactive potential of three edible <i>Curcuma</i> species, namely <i>Curcuma candida</i>, <i>C. singularis</i>, and <i>C. petiolata</i>, traditionally consumed in Northern Thailand. An aroma analysis revealed distinct volatile profiles for each species. <i>C. petiolata</i> was qualitatively characterized by high sabinene levels, while β-pinene, limonene, caryophyllene, and humulene were prominent markers for <i>C. candida,</i> and <i>C. singularis</i> exhibited the highest abundance of camphor. A nutritional analysis showed the edible floral tissue of <i>C. petiolata</i> to possess the highest carbohydrate (83.47 g/100 g DW), protein (18.04 g/100 g DW), and energy content (342.83 g/100 g DW). The mineral composition of the edible flowers revealed high levels of macronutrients, including phosphorus (0.36 g/100 g DW), potassium (1.82 g/100 g DW), sodium (0.33 g/100 g DW), and calcium (1.30 g/100 g DW). Palmitic acid (31,098 mg/100 g DW) was the predominant saturated fatty acid, while linoleic acid (45,356 mg/100 g DW) was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid from these edible flora species. The ethanolic extracts of floral tissues of <i>C. singularis</i> exhibited the highest total phenolic content (0.26 mg GAE/g DW), followed by <i>C. petiolata</i>. Conversely, <i>C. petiolata</i> demonstrated the highest total flavonoid content (0.20 mg QE/g sample), followed by <i>C. singularis</i> (0.11 mg QE/g sample). Antioxidant potential exhibited a significant positive correlation with the quantified total flavonoid content. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the nutritional and bioactive properties of edible <i>Curcuma</i> flowers, providing valuable information for the development of novel functional foods with unique flavor profiles and potential health benefits.
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spelling doaj-art-20ad98f8adf84ec19e7e21e7735e9cc12025-08-20T02:28:28ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-03-0117422410.3390/d17040224Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potentials of Thai Edible Flowers from the <i>Curcuma</i> spp. (Zingiberaceae)Sarana Rose Sommano0Sureerat Thomya1Pasin Norkum Ai2Julaluk Khemacheewakul3R. Sindhu4Shashanka K. Prasad5Pawenud Thongdang6Apinya Rachkeeree7Methee Wongnak8Prateep Panyadee9Ratchadawan Puangpradab10Ratchuporn Suksathan11Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandFaculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandFaculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, IndiaQueen Sirikit Botanic Garden, the Botanical Garden Organisation, Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandQueen Sirikit Botanic Garden, the Botanical Garden Organisation, Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandQueen Sirikit Botanic Garden, the Botanical Garden Organisation, Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandQueen Sirikit Botanic Garden, the Botanical Garden Organisation, Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandQueen Sirikit Botanic Garden, the Botanical Garden Organisation, Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandQueen Sirikit Botanic Garden, the Botanical Garden Organisation, Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandThis study investigated the aroma profiles, nutritional composition, and bioactive potential of three edible <i>Curcuma</i> species, namely <i>Curcuma candida</i>, <i>C. singularis</i>, and <i>C. petiolata</i>, traditionally consumed in Northern Thailand. An aroma analysis revealed distinct volatile profiles for each species. <i>C. petiolata</i> was qualitatively characterized by high sabinene levels, while β-pinene, limonene, caryophyllene, and humulene were prominent markers for <i>C. candida,</i> and <i>C. singularis</i> exhibited the highest abundance of camphor. A nutritional analysis showed the edible floral tissue of <i>C. petiolata</i> to possess the highest carbohydrate (83.47 g/100 g DW), protein (18.04 g/100 g DW), and energy content (342.83 g/100 g DW). The mineral composition of the edible flowers revealed high levels of macronutrients, including phosphorus (0.36 g/100 g DW), potassium (1.82 g/100 g DW), sodium (0.33 g/100 g DW), and calcium (1.30 g/100 g DW). Palmitic acid (31,098 mg/100 g DW) was the predominant saturated fatty acid, while linoleic acid (45,356 mg/100 g DW) was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid from these edible flora species. The ethanolic extracts of floral tissues of <i>C. singularis</i> exhibited the highest total phenolic content (0.26 mg GAE/g DW), followed by <i>C. petiolata</i>. Conversely, <i>C. petiolata</i> demonstrated the highest total flavonoid content (0.20 mg QE/g sample), followed by <i>C. singularis</i> (0.11 mg QE/g sample). Antioxidant potential exhibited a significant positive correlation with the quantified total flavonoid content. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the nutritional and bioactive properties of edible <i>Curcuma</i> flowers, providing valuable information for the development of novel functional foods with unique flavor profiles and potential health benefits.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/4/224<i>Curcuma</i> inflorescencefunctional foodsfood diversityfood securitylocal foodunderutilized species
spellingShingle Sarana Rose Sommano
Sureerat Thomya
Pasin Norkum Ai
Julaluk Khemacheewakul
R. Sindhu
Shashanka K. Prasad
Pawenud Thongdang
Apinya Rachkeeree
Methee Wongnak
Prateep Panyadee
Ratchadawan Puangpradab
Ratchuporn Suksathan
Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potentials of Thai Edible Flowers from the <i>Curcuma</i> spp. (Zingiberaceae)
Diversity
<i>Curcuma</i> inflorescence
functional foods
food diversity
food security
local food
underutilized species
title Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potentials of Thai Edible Flowers from the <i>Curcuma</i> spp. (Zingiberaceae)
title_full Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potentials of Thai Edible Flowers from the <i>Curcuma</i> spp. (Zingiberaceae)
title_fullStr Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potentials of Thai Edible Flowers from the <i>Curcuma</i> spp. (Zingiberaceae)
title_full_unstemmed Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potentials of Thai Edible Flowers from the <i>Curcuma</i> spp. (Zingiberaceae)
title_short Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potentials of Thai Edible Flowers from the <i>Curcuma</i> spp. (Zingiberaceae)
title_sort aromatic profiling and bioactive potentials of thai edible flowers from the i curcuma i spp zingiberaceae
topic <i>Curcuma</i> inflorescence
functional foods
food diversity
food security
local food
underutilized species
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/4/224
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