The novel H10N3 avian influenza virus acquired airborne transmission among chickens: an increasing threat to public health
ABSTRACT Following two human infections with the H10N3 avian influenza virus (AIV) in 2021 and 2022, a third case was discovered in Yunnan, China, in 2024, raising concerns about the potential for future pandemics. Recent studies have indicated that novel H10N3 viruses are highly pathogenic in mice...
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American Society for Microbiology
2025-02-01
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| Series: | mBio |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02363-24 |
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| author | Xiaoquan Wang Huiyan Yu Yahao Ma Pinghu Zhang Xiyue Wang Jianyu Liang Xiuling Zhang Ruyi Gao Xiaolong Lu Wenhao Yang Yu Chen Min Gu Jiao Hu Xiaowen Liu Shunlin Hu Daxin Peng Xian Qi Changjun Bao Kaituo Liu Xiufan Liu |
| author_facet | Xiaoquan Wang Huiyan Yu Yahao Ma Pinghu Zhang Xiyue Wang Jianyu Liang Xiuling Zhang Ruyi Gao Xiaolong Lu Wenhao Yang Yu Chen Min Gu Jiao Hu Xiaowen Liu Shunlin Hu Daxin Peng Xian Qi Changjun Bao Kaituo Liu Xiufan Liu |
| author_sort | Xiaoquan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Following two human infections with the H10N3 avian influenza virus (AIV) in 2021 and 2022, a third case was discovered in Yunnan, China, in 2024, raising concerns about the potential for future pandemics. Recent studies have indicated that novel H10N3 viruses are highly pathogenic in mice and can be transmitted between guinea pigs via respiratory droplets without prior adaptation. However, the biological characteristics of novel H10N3 in poultry have not been fully elucidated. Our findings revealed that H10 subtype AIVs are predominantly prevalent in waterfowl. Notably, H10N8 and H10N3 viruses that have infected humans were primarily isolated from chickens. For the first time, double basic hemagglutinin cleavage sites (motif PEIKQGR↓GL) were identified in novel H10N3 AIVs, which exhibit enhanced replication in chickens, and can be transmitted between chickens through direct contact and respiratory droplets. Animal experimental studies demonstrated that ducks are also susceptible to H10N3 viruses and that the virus is transmissible through direct contact, suggesting a greater risk of transmission and recombination. Serological studies conducted among poultry workers suggest that while the human population was largely naïve to H10N3 infection, sporadic and undetected human infections did occur, indicating a potential increasing trend. These data further emphasize the growing threat to public health posed by zoonotic H10N3 subtype AIVs.IMPORTANCEExposure to poultry in live poultry markets (LPMs) is strongly associated with human infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs), with chickens being the most common species found in these markets in China. The prevalence of AIVs in chickens, therefore, increases the risk of human infection. Notably, the main host of the novel H10N3 virus has shifted from waterfowl to chickens, and the virus can be transmitted between chickens via respiratory droplets, posing a potential risk of a pandemic within poultry populations. The novel H10N3 virus also remains sensitive to ducks and can be transmitted through direct contact, which means a greater risk of transmission and recombination. Significantly, the human population remains largely naïve to H10N3 infection, but sporadic seropositivity among poultry workers indicates previous exposure to H10 subtype AIVs. Therefore, a comprehensive surveillance of the novel H10N3 viruses in poultry is imperative. Effective control of the virus within poultry populations could significantly reduce the risk of emerging human infections. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-209c40ba89bd4bd2a6285cef9ac5d15d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2150-7511 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | mBio |
| spelling | doaj-art-209c40ba89bd4bd2a6285cef9ac5d15d2025-02-05T14:00:48ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymBio2150-75112025-02-0116210.1128/mbio.02363-24The novel H10N3 avian influenza virus acquired airborne transmission among chickens: an increasing threat to public healthXiaoquan Wang0Huiyan Yu1Yahao Ma2Pinghu Zhang3Xiyue Wang4Jianyu Liang5Xiuling Zhang6Ruyi Gao7Xiaolong Lu8Wenhao Yang9Yu Chen10Min Gu11Jiao Hu12Xiaowen Liu13Shunlin Hu14Daxin Peng15Xian Qi16Changjun Bao17Kaituo Liu18Xiufan Liu19Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaYangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Avian Bioproducts Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaABSTRACT Following two human infections with the H10N3 avian influenza virus (AIV) in 2021 and 2022, a third case was discovered in Yunnan, China, in 2024, raising concerns about the potential for future pandemics. Recent studies have indicated that novel H10N3 viruses are highly pathogenic in mice and can be transmitted between guinea pigs via respiratory droplets without prior adaptation. However, the biological characteristics of novel H10N3 in poultry have not been fully elucidated. Our findings revealed that H10 subtype AIVs are predominantly prevalent in waterfowl. Notably, H10N8 and H10N3 viruses that have infected humans were primarily isolated from chickens. For the first time, double basic hemagglutinin cleavage sites (motif PEIKQGR↓GL) were identified in novel H10N3 AIVs, which exhibit enhanced replication in chickens, and can be transmitted between chickens through direct contact and respiratory droplets. Animal experimental studies demonstrated that ducks are also susceptible to H10N3 viruses and that the virus is transmissible through direct contact, suggesting a greater risk of transmission and recombination. Serological studies conducted among poultry workers suggest that while the human population was largely naïve to H10N3 infection, sporadic and undetected human infections did occur, indicating a potential increasing trend. These data further emphasize the growing threat to public health posed by zoonotic H10N3 subtype AIVs.IMPORTANCEExposure to poultry in live poultry markets (LPMs) is strongly associated with human infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs), with chickens being the most common species found in these markets in China. The prevalence of AIVs in chickens, therefore, increases the risk of human infection. Notably, the main host of the novel H10N3 virus has shifted from waterfowl to chickens, and the virus can be transmitted between chickens via respiratory droplets, posing a potential risk of a pandemic within poultry populations. The novel H10N3 virus also remains sensitive to ducks and can be transmitted through direct contact, which means a greater risk of transmission and recombination. Significantly, the human population remains largely naïve to H10N3 infection, but sporadic seropositivity among poultry workers indicates previous exposure to H10 subtype AIVs. Therefore, a comprehensive surveillance of the novel H10N3 viruses in poultry is imperative. Effective control of the virus within poultry populations could significantly reduce the risk of emerging human infections.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02363-24avian influenza virusnovel H10N3replicationairborne transmissionpublic health |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoquan Wang Huiyan Yu Yahao Ma Pinghu Zhang Xiyue Wang Jianyu Liang Xiuling Zhang Ruyi Gao Xiaolong Lu Wenhao Yang Yu Chen Min Gu Jiao Hu Xiaowen Liu Shunlin Hu Daxin Peng Xian Qi Changjun Bao Kaituo Liu Xiufan Liu The novel H10N3 avian influenza virus acquired airborne transmission among chickens: an increasing threat to public health mBio avian influenza virus novel H10N3 replication airborne transmission public health |
| title | The novel H10N3 avian influenza virus acquired airborne transmission among chickens: an increasing threat to public health |
| title_full | The novel H10N3 avian influenza virus acquired airborne transmission among chickens: an increasing threat to public health |
| title_fullStr | The novel H10N3 avian influenza virus acquired airborne transmission among chickens: an increasing threat to public health |
| title_full_unstemmed | The novel H10N3 avian influenza virus acquired airborne transmission among chickens: an increasing threat to public health |
| title_short | The novel H10N3 avian influenza virus acquired airborne transmission among chickens: an increasing threat to public health |
| title_sort | novel h10n3 avian influenza virus acquired airborne transmission among chickens an increasing threat to public health |
| topic | avian influenza virus novel H10N3 replication airborne transmission public health |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02363-24 |
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