Additive metal printing on multi materials using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a 5-Axis platform
Post-production embellishment of confromal objects with metal tracks presents significant challenges, due to the need for multiple processing steps and the complexity of navigating intricate substrate geometries. Here we describe a flexible approach to deposit conducting metal tracks on 3D objects u...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525001017 |
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| _version_ | 1832087673274105856 |
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| author | Oliver S.J. Hagger Michael A. Parkes Francis Lockwood Estrin Stefanos Agrotis Ivan P. Parkin Albertus D. Handoko Daren J. Caruana |
| author_facet | Oliver S.J. Hagger Michael A. Parkes Francis Lockwood Estrin Stefanos Agrotis Ivan P. Parkin Albertus D. Handoko Daren J. Caruana |
| author_sort | Oliver S.J. Hagger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Post-production embellishment of confromal objects with metal tracks presents significant challenges, due to the need for multiple processing steps and the complexity of navigating intricate substrate geometries. Here we describe a flexible approach to deposit conducting metal tracks on 3D objects using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). APPJs offer distinct advantages over traditional inkjet printing methods as they do not require metal particle inks or post-processing. An in-house-built APPJ print head was mounted onto a 5-axis platform to demonstrate metal printing on multifaceted metal, ceramic and glass complex objects. We use finite element modelling of the flow characteristics at the jet nozzle exit to understand and predict the track deposition. The modelling was corroborated through Schlieren imaging of the gas flow as well as chemical and physical characterisation of the resulting deposited track. Conductive metallic tracks of 0.3 mm widths were deposited on non-planar surfaces with one pass at a rate of 1 mm/s, using simple aqueous metal salts with an average plasma power of 10 W. Our findings reveal conductivity, adhesion strength and precision which present a benefit for additive manufacturing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1fc99734a1e2459894988726e0ef1599 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj-art-1fc99734a1e2459894988726e0ef15992025-02-06T05:11:01ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-03-01251113681Additive metal printing on multi materials using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a 5-Axis platformOliver S.J. Hagger0Michael A. Parkes1Francis Lockwood Estrin2Stefanos Agrotis3Ivan P. Parkin4Albertus D. Handoko5Daren J. Caruana6Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, United KingdomDepartment of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, United KingdomDepartment of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, United KingdomDepartment of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, United KingdomInstitute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom; Corresponding author.Post-production embellishment of confromal objects with metal tracks presents significant challenges, due to the need for multiple processing steps and the complexity of navigating intricate substrate geometries. Here we describe a flexible approach to deposit conducting metal tracks on 3D objects using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). APPJs offer distinct advantages over traditional inkjet printing methods as they do not require metal particle inks or post-processing. An in-house-built APPJ print head was mounted onto a 5-axis platform to demonstrate metal printing on multifaceted metal, ceramic and glass complex objects. We use finite element modelling of the flow characteristics at the jet nozzle exit to understand and predict the track deposition. The modelling was corroborated through Schlieren imaging of the gas flow as well as chemical and physical characterisation of the resulting deposited track. Conductive metallic tracks of 0.3 mm widths were deposited on non-planar surfaces with one pass at a rate of 1 mm/s, using simple aqueous metal salts with an average plasma power of 10 W. Our findings reveal conductivity, adhesion strength and precision which present a benefit for additive manufacturing.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525001017 |
| spellingShingle | Oliver S.J. Hagger Michael A. Parkes Francis Lockwood Estrin Stefanos Agrotis Ivan P. Parkin Albertus D. Handoko Daren J. Caruana Additive metal printing on multi materials using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a 5-Axis platform Materials & Design |
| title | Additive metal printing on multi materials using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a 5-Axis platform |
| title_full | Additive metal printing on multi materials using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a 5-Axis platform |
| title_fullStr | Additive metal printing on multi materials using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a 5-Axis platform |
| title_full_unstemmed | Additive metal printing on multi materials using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a 5-Axis platform |
| title_short | Additive metal printing on multi materials using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a 5-Axis platform |
| title_sort | additive metal printing on multi materials using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on a 5 axis platform |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525001017 |
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