Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Renal Diseases in Ghanaian Adults: A 13-Year Retrospective Study
Background. Renal diseases over the years have become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, we assessed the spectrum and clinical characteristics of Ghanaians with renal diseases at the nephrology unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi. Methods...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Nephrology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8967258 |
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| author | Perditer Okyere Isaac Okyere Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim Joseph Attakorah Charlotte Osafo Bernard Arhin Sarah Bachelle Albert Abaka-Yawson |
| author_facet | Perditer Okyere Isaac Okyere Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim Joseph Attakorah Charlotte Osafo Bernard Arhin Sarah Bachelle Albert Abaka-Yawson |
| author_sort | Perditer Okyere |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Renal diseases over the years have become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, we assessed the spectrum and clinical characteristics of Ghanaians with renal diseases at the nephrology unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi. Methods. This was a retrospective hospital-based study conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) from the years 2005 to 2017. A non-randomized sampling approach was used to include 1426 participants who were diagnosed with AKI, CKD, ESRD, and nephrotic syndrome at the nephrology unit of KATH during the years under review. All the 1426 patients were eligible for the study. Demographic characteristics as well as clinical data such as the kind of renal disease presentation, causes of the renal disease, and the treatment options were also obtained from their records. Results. Overall, 1009 of the total participants had CKD (70.76%), 295 participants had ESRD (20.69%), 72 participants had AKI (5.05%), and 50 participants had nephrotic syndrome (3.51%). Furthermore, 69 (23.4%) participants with ESRD were on dialysis whiles 6 (8.3) and 17 (1.7) participants with only AKI and CKD superimposed AKI, respectively, were on dialysis. 226 (76.6%) participants with ESRD were on conservative therapy. Hypertension emerged as the major cause of renal disease presentation (53.93%) with bilateral leg edema (13.46%) being the major complaint. There was a significant association between CKD and age (p≤0.001). Nephrotic syndrome also showed a significant association with age (p≤0.001). Conclusion. This study revealed that patients at the nephrology unit of KATH, Ghana, are mainly adults between ages 46–55. The clinical pattern of renal diseases is dominated by CKD and ESRD. We conclude that hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and sepsis are the most common causes of renal diseases. The commonest clinical presentations are bilateral leg edema, palpitations, headache, breathlessness, dizziness, and vomiting. Early diagnosis and management of these conditions may prevent or delay the progress to end-stage renal disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f6ea5daa78d4676a183a5591ad840e4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-214X 2090-2158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Nephrology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f6ea5daa78d4676a183a5591ad840e42025-02-03T06:46:37ZengWileyInternational Journal of Nephrology2090-214X2090-21582020-01-01202010.1155/2020/89672588967258Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Renal Diseases in Ghanaian Adults: A 13-Year Retrospective StudyPerditer Okyere0Isaac Okyere1Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim2Joseph Attakorah3Charlotte Osafo4Bernard Arhin5Sarah Bachelle6Albert Abaka-Yawson7Department of Internal Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Surgery, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, GhanaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Therapeutics and Internal Medicine, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Legon, GhanaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, GhanaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, GhanaBackground. Renal diseases over the years have become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, we assessed the spectrum and clinical characteristics of Ghanaians with renal diseases at the nephrology unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi. Methods. This was a retrospective hospital-based study conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) from the years 2005 to 2017. A non-randomized sampling approach was used to include 1426 participants who were diagnosed with AKI, CKD, ESRD, and nephrotic syndrome at the nephrology unit of KATH during the years under review. All the 1426 patients were eligible for the study. Demographic characteristics as well as clinical data such as the kind of renal disease presentation, causes of the renal disease, and the treatment options were also obtained from their records. Results. Overall, 1009 of the total participants had CKD (70.76%), 295 participants had ESRD (20.69%), 72 participants had AKI (5.05%), and 50 participants had nephrotic syndrome (3.51%). Furthermore, 69 (23.4%) participants with ESRD were on dialysis whiles 6 (8.3) and 17 (1.7) participants with only AKI and CKD superimposed AKI, respectively, were on dialysis. 226 (76.6%) participants with ESRD were on conservative therapy. Hypertension emerged as the major cause of renal disease presentation (53.93%) with bilateral leg edema (13.46%) being the major complaint. There was a significant association between CKD and age (p≤0.001). Nephrotic syndrome also showed a significant association with age (p≤0.001). Conclusion. This study revealed that patients at the nephrology unit of KATH, Ghana, are mainly adults between ages 46–55. The clinical pattern of renal diseases is dominated by CKD and ESRD. We conclude that hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and sepsis are the most common causes of renal diseases. The commonest clinical presentations are bilateral leg edema, palpitations, headache, breathlessness, dizziness, and vomiting. Early diagnosis and management of these conditions may prevent or delay the progress to end-stage renal disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8967258 |
| spellingShingle | Perditer Okyere Isaac Okyere Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim Joseph Attakorah Charlotte Osafo Bernard Arhin Sarah Bachelle Albert Abaka-Yawson Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Renal Diseases in Ghanaian Adults: A 13-Year Retrospective Study International Journal of Nephrology |
| title | Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Renal Diseases in Ghanaian Adults: A 13-Year Retrospective Study |
| title_full | Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Renal Diseases in Ghanaian Adults: A 13-Year Retrospective Study |
| title_fullStr | Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Renal Diseases in Ghanaian Adults: A 13-Year Retrospective Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Renal Diseases in Ghanaian Adults: A 13-Year Retrospective Study |
| title_short | Spectrum and Clinical Characteristics of Renal Diseases in Ghanaian Adults: A 13-Year Retrospective Study |
| title_sort | spectrum and clinical characteristics of renal diseases in ghanaian adults a 13 year retrospective study |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8967258 |
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