The Role of ChatGPT and AI Chatbots in Optimizing Antibiotic Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Antimicrobial resistance represents a growing global health crisis, demanding innovative approaches to improve antibiotic stewardship. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots based on large language models have shown potential as tools to support clinicians, e...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/60 |
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| author | Ninel Iacobus Antonie Gina Gheorghe Vlad Alexandru Ionescu Loredana-Crista Tiucă Camelia Cristina Diaconu |
| author_facet | Ninel Iacobus Antonie Gina Gheorghe Vlad Alexandru Ionescu Loredana-Crista Tiucă Camelia Cristina Diaconu |
| author_sort | Ninel Iacobus Antonie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Antimicrobial resistance represents a growing global health crisis, demanding innovative approaches to improve antibiotic stewardship. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots based on large language models have shown potential as tools to support clinicians, especially non-specialists, in optimizing antibiotic therapy. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the capabilities, limitations, and future directions for AI chatbots in enhancing antibiotic selection and patient outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> A narrative review was conducted by analyzing studies published in the last five years across databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review focused on research discussing AI-based chatbots, antibiotic stewardship, and clinical decision support systems. Studies were evaluated for methodological soundness and significance, and the findings were synthesized narratively. <b>Results:</b> Current evidence highlights the ability of AI chatbots to assist in guideline-based antibiotic recommendations, improve medical education, and enhance clinical decision-making. Promising results include satisfactory accuracy in preliminary diagnostic and prescriptive tasks. However, challenges such as inconsistent handling of clinical nuances, susceptibility to unsafe advice, algorithmic biases, data privacy concerns, and limited clinical validation underscore the importance of human oversight and refinement. <b>Conclusions:</b> AI chatbots have the potential to complement antibiotic stewardship efforts by promoting appropriate antibiotic use and improving patient outcomes. Realizing this potential will require rigorous clinical trials, interdisciplinary collaboration, regulatory clarity, and tailored algorithmic improvements to ensure their safe and effective integration into clinical practice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1dd37bfbf14a47c984a340f1fb237e8b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-1dd37bfbf14a47c984a340f1fb237e8b2025-01-24T13:18:47ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-01-011416010.3390/antibiotics14010060The Role of ChatGPT and AI Chatbots in Optimizing Antibiotic Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative ReviewNinel Iacobus Antonie0Gina Gheorghe1Vlad Alexandru Ionescu2Loredana-Crista Tiucă3Camelia Cristina Diaconu4Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Antimicrobial resistance represents a growing global health crisis, demanding innovative approaches to improve antibiotic stewardship. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots based on large language models have shown potential as tools to support clinicians, especially non-specialists, in optimizing antibiotic therapy. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the capabilities, limitations, and future directions for AI chatbots in enhancing antibiotic selection and patient outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> A narrative review was conducted by analyzing studies published in the last five years across databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review focused on research discussing AI-based chatbots, antibiotic stewardship, and clinical decision support systems. Studies were evaluated for methodological soundness and significance, and the findings were synthesized narratively. <b>Results:</b> Current evidence highlights the ability of AI chatbots to assist in guideline-based antibiotic recommendations, improve medical education, and enhance clinical decision-making. Promising results include satisfactory accuracy in preliminary diagnostic and prescriptive tasks. However, challenges such as inconsistent handling of clinical nuances, susceptibility to unsafe advice, algorithmic biases, data privacy concerns, and limited clinical validation underscore the importance of human oversight and refinement. <b>Conclusions:</b> AI chatbots have the potential to complement antibiotic stewardship efforts by promoting appropriate antibiotic use and improving patient outcomes. Realizing this potential will require rigorous clinical trials, interdisciplinary collaboration, regulatory clarity, and tailored algorithmic improvements to ensure their safe and effective integration into clinical practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/60antimicrobial resistanceartificial intelligenceAI chatbotsantibiotic stewardshipclinical decision supportChatGPT |
| spellingShingle | Ninel Iacobus Antonie Gina Gheorghe Vlad Alexandru Ionescu Loredana-Crista Tiucă Camelia Cristina Diaconu The Role of ChatGPT and AI Chatbots in Optimizing Antibiotic Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review Antibiotics antimicrobial resistance artificial intelligence AI chatbots antibiotic stewardship clinical decision support ChatGPT |
| title | The Role of ChatGPT and AI Chatbots in Optimizing Antibiotic Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review |
| title_full | The Role of ChatGPT and AI Chatbots in Optimizing Antibiotic Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | The Role of ChatGPT and AI Chatbots in Optimizing Antibiotic Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of ChatGPT and AI Chatbots in Optimizing Antibiotic Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review |
| title_short | The Role of ChatGPT and AI Chatbots in Optimizing Antibiotic Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review |
| title_sort | role of chatgpt and ai chatbots in optimizing antibiotic therapy a comprehensive narrative review |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance artificial intelligence AI chatbots antibiotic stewardship clinical decision support ChatGPT |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/60 |
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