Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances
Type 2 immunity has long been confined to a restricted spectrum of responses, mostly including allergic reactions to innocuous environmental triggers. However, growing evidence suggests that cells and mediators typically associated with type 2 inflammation are involved in several physiopathological...
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| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4204512 |
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| author | Massimo Costanza |
| author_facet | Massimo Costanza |
| author_sort | Massimo Costanza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Type 2 immunity has long been confined to a restricted spectrum of responses, mostly including allergic reactions to innocuous environmental triggers. However, growing evidence suggests that cells and mediators typically associated with type 2 inflammation are involved in several physiopathological conditions, such as defense against toxic substances, anticancer immunity, and autoimmune diseases. In neuromyelitis optica, an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the spinal cord and optic nerve, eosinophils extensively infiltrate lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and promote tissue pathology in experimental models of this disease. Next-generation sequencing of CD4+ T cells isolated from a specific subtype of multiple sclerosis plaque has uncovered an unexpectedly Th2 profile of these cells. Even mast cells and other allergic mediators have been implicated in the modulation and/or effector mechanisms of autoimmune reactions against the CNS. In this review article, the most recent developments showing the involvement of type 2 inflammatory components in CNS autoimmunity are summarised and possible lines of further investigation are discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1c648adfce33411e85242de22a967d0d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-1c648adfce33411e85242de22a967d0d2025-02-03T01:01:56ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562019-01-01201910.1155/2019/42045124204512Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent AdvancesMassimo Costanza0Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, ItalyType 2 immunity has long been confined to a restricted spectrum of responses, mostly including allergic reactions to innocuous environmental triggers. However, growing evidence suggests that cells and mediators typically associated with type 2 inflammation are involved in several physiopathological conditions, such as defense against toxic substances, anticancer immunity, and autoimmune diseases. In neuromyelitis optica, an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the spinal cord and optic nerve, eosinophils extensively infiltrate lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and promote tissue pathology in experimental models of this disease. Next-generation sequencing of CD4+ T cells isolated from a specific subtype of multiple sclerosis plaque has uncovered an unexpectedly Th2 profile of these cells. Even mast cells and other allergic mediators have been implicated in the modulation and/or effector mechanisms of autoimmune reactions against the CNS. In this review article, the most recent developments showing the involvement of type 2 inflammatory components in CNS autoimmunity are summarised and possible lines of further investigation are discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4204512 |
| spellingShingle | Massimo Costanza Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances |
| title_full | Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances |
| title_fullStr | Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances |
| title_full_unstemmed | Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances |
| title_short | Type 2 Inflammatory Responses in Autoimmune Demyelination of the Central Nervous System: Recent Advances |
| title_sort | type 2 inflammatory responses in autoimmune demyelination of the central nervous system recent advances |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4204512 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT massimocostanza type2inflammatoryresponsesinautoimmunedemyelinationofthecentralnervoussystemrecentadvances |