The MBH–M∗ Relation up to z ∼ 2 through Decomposition of COSMOS-Web NIRCam Images
Our knowledge of relations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z ≳ 1 is still limited, even though being actively sought out to z ∼ 6. Here, we use the high resolution and sensitivity of JWST to measure the host galaxy properties for 107 X-ray-selected type-I active galacti...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9d0a |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832583521492795392 |
|---|---|
| author | Takumi S. Tanaka John D. Silverman Xuheng Ding Knud Jahnke Benny Trakhtenbrot Erini Lambrides Masafusa Onoue Irham Taufik Andika Angela Bongiorno Andreas L. Faisst Steven Gillman Christopher C. Hayward Michaela Hirschmann Anton Koekemoer Vasily Kokorev Zhaoxuan Liu Georgios E. Magdis Alvio Renzini Caitlin Casey Nicole E. Drakos Maximilien Franco Ghassem Gozaliasl Jeyhan Kartaltepe Daizhong Liu Henry Joy McCracken Jason Rhodes Brant Robertson Sune Toft |
| author_facet | Takumi S. Tanaka John D. Silverman Xuheng Ding Knud Jahnke Benny Trakhtenbrot Erini Lambrides Masafusa Onoue Irham Taufik Andika Angela Bongiorno Andreas L. Faisst Steven Gillman Christopher C. Hayward Michaela Hirschmann Anton Koekemoer Vasily Kokorev Zhaoxuan Liu Georgios E. Magdis Alvio Renzini Caitlin Casey Nicole E. Drakos Maximilien Franco Ghassem Gozaliasl Jeyhan Kartaltepe Daizhong Liu Henry Joy McCracken Jason Rhodes Brant Robertson Sune Toft |
| author_sort | Takumi S. Tanaka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our knowledge of relations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z ≳ 1 is still limited, even though being actively sought out to z ∼ 6. Here, we use the high resolution and sensitivity of JWST to measure the host galaxy properties for 107 X-ray-selected type-I active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 0.68 < z < 2.5 with rest-frame optical/near-infrared imaging from COSMOS-Web and PRIMER. Black hole masses ( $\mathrm{log}\left({M}_{{\rm{BH}}}/{M}_{\odot }\right)\sim 6.9-9.6$ ) are available from previous spectroscopic campaigns. We extract the host galaxy components from four NIRCam broadband images and the Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys F814W image by applying a 2D image decomposition technique. We detect the host galaxy for ∼90% of the sample after subtracting the unresolved AGN emission. With host photometry free of AGN emission, we determine the stellar mass of the host galaxies to be $\mathrm{log}\left({M}_{* }/{M}_{\odot }\right)\sim 9.5-11.6$ through spectral energy distribution fitting and measure the evolution of the mass relation between SMBHs and their host galaxies. Considering selection biases and measurement uncertainties, we find that the M _BH / M _* ratio evolves as ${\left(1+z\right)}^{0.4{8}_{-0.62}^{+0.31}}$ thus remains essentially constant or exhibits mild evolution up to z ∼ 2.5. We also see an amount of scatter ( ${\sigma }_{\mu }=0.3{0}_{-0.13}^{+0.14}$ ), similar to the local relation and consistent with low- z studies, and a noncausal cosmic assembly history where mergers contribute to the statistical averaging toward the local relation is still feasible. We highlight improvements to come with larger samples from JWST and, particularly, Euclid, which will exceed the statistical power of current wide and deep surveys. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1c3655689f7e4abf86aa2968d78a31d9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-1c3655689f7e4abf86aa2968d78a31d92025-01-28T11:09:41ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01979221510.3847/1538-4357/ad9d0aThe MBH–M∗ Relation up to z ∼ 2 through Decomposition of COSMOS-Web NIRCam ImagesTakumi S. Tanaka0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4742-7060John D. Silverman1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-6977Xuheng Ding2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-2148Knud Jahnke3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-2137Benny Trakhtenbrot4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-7297Erini Lambrides5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-7190Masafusa Onoue6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-6803Irham Taufik Andika7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-9526Angela Bongiorno8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-6624Andreas L. Faisst9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-9832Steven Gillman10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-4589Christopher C. Hayward11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-3236Michaela Hirschmann12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-3321Anton Koekemoer13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-2048Vasily Kokorev14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-9156Zhaoxuan Liu15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-114XGeorgios E. Magdis16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4872-2294Alvio Renzini17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-7355Caitlin Casey18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-6466Nicole E. Drakos19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4761-2197Maximilien Franco20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-8599Ghassem Gozaliasl21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-919XJeyhan Kartaltepe22https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-3605Daizhong Liu23https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9773-7479Henry Joy McCracken24https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-7765Jason Rhodes25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4485-8549Brant Robertson26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-0364Sune Toft27https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-7176Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan ; takumi.tanaka@ipmu.jp; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan ; takumi.tanaka@ipmu.jp; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan ; takumi.tanaka@ipmu.jp; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of ChinaMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanySchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelNASA-Goddard Space Flight Center , Code 662, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USAKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaTechnical University of Munich , TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyINAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, I-00078, Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyCaltech/IPAC , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USACosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Denmark; DTU Space , Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Building 328, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkCenter for Computational Astrophysics , Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USAInstitute for Physics , Laboratory for Galaxy Evolution and Spectral Modelling, EPFL, Observatoire de Sauverny, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , P.O. Box 800, NL-9700AV Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan ; takumi.tanaka@ipmu.jp; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, JapanCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Denmark; DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark , Elektrovej 327, DK2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkOsservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, I-35122, ItalyCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Denmark; The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii , Hilo, 200 W Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USAThe University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USADepartment of Computer Science, Aalto University , PO Box 15400, Espoo, FI-00 076, Finland; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki , 00014-Helsinki, FinlandLaboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USAMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching b. München, GermanyInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris , UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit’e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, FranceJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91001, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USACosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkOur knowledge of relations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z ≳ 1 is still limited, even though being actively sought out to z ∼ 6. Here, we use the high resolution and sensitivity of JWST to measure the host galaxy properties for 107 X-ray-selected type-I active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 0.68 < z < 2.5 with rest-frame optical/near-infrared imaging from COSMOS-Web and PRIMER. Black hole masses ( $\mathrm{log}\left({M}_{{\rm{BH}}}/{M}_{\odot }\right)\sim 6.9-9.6$ ) are available from previous spectroscopic campaigns. We extract the host galaxy components from four NIRCam broadband images and the Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys F814W image by applying a 2D image decomposition technique. We detect the host galaxy for ∼90% of the sample after subtracting the unresolved AGN emission. With host photometry free of AGN emission, we determine the stellar mass of the host galaxies to be $\mathrm{log}\left({M}_{* }/{M}_{\odot }\right)\sim 9.5-11.6$ through spectral energy distribution fitting and measure the evolution of the mass relation between SMBHs and their host galaxies. Considering selection biases and measurement uncertainties, we find that the M _BH / M _* ratio evolves as ${\left(1+z\right)}^{0.4{8}_{-0.62}^{+0.31}}$ thus remains essentially constant or exhibits mild evolution up to z ∼ 2.5. We also see an amount of scatter ( ${\sigma }_{\mu }=0.3{0}_{-0.13}^{+0.14}$ ), similar to the local relation and consistent with low- z studies, and a noncausal cosmic assembly history where mergers contribute to the statistical averaging toward the local relation is still feasible. We highlight improvements to come with larger samples from JWST and, particularly, Euclid, which will exceed the statistical power of current wide and deep surveys.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9d0aSupermassive black holesActive galactic nucleiAGN host galaxiesGalaxy evolution |
| spellingShingle | Takumi S. Tanaka John D. Silverman Xuheng Ding Knud Jahnke Benny Trakhtenbrot Erini Lambrides Masafusa Onoue Irham Taufik Andika Angela Bongiorno Andreas L. Faisst Steven Gillman Christopher C. Hayward Michaela Hirschmann Anton Koekemoer Vasily Kokorev Zhaoxuan Liu Georgios E. Magdis Alvio Renzini Caitlin Casey Nicole E. Drakos Maximilien Franco Ghassem Gozaliasl Jeyhan Kartaltepe Daizhong Liu Henry Joy McCracken Jason Rhodes Brant Robertson Sune Toft The MBH–M∗ Relation up to z ∼ 2 through Decomposition of COSMOS-Web NIRCam Images The Astrophysical Journal Supermassive black holes Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Galaxy evolution |
| title | The MBH–M∗ Relation up to z ∼ 2 through Decomposition of COSMOS-Web NIRCam Images |
| title_full | The MBH–M∗ Relation up to z ∼ 2 through Decomposition of COSMOS-Web NIRCam Images |
| title_fullStr | The MBH–M∗ Relation up to z ∼ 2 through Decomposition of COSMOS-Web NIRCam Images |
| title_full_unstemmed | The MBH–M∗ Relation up to z ∼ 2 through Decomposition of COSMOS-Web NIRCam Images |
| title_short | The MBH–M∗ Relation up to z ∼ 2 through Decomposition of COSMOS-Web NIRCam Images |
| title_sort | mbh m∗ relation up to z ∼ 2 through decomposition of cosmos web nircam images |
| topic | Supermassive black holes Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Galaxy evolution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9d0a |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT takumistanaka thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT johndsilverman thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT xuhengding thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT knudjahnke thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT bennytrakhtenbrot thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT erinilambrides thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT masafusaonoue thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT irhamtaufikandika thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT angelabongiorno thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT andreaslfaisst thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT stevengillman thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT christopherchayward thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT michaelahirschmann thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT antonkoekemoer thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT vasilykokorev thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT zhaoxuanliu thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT georgiosemagdis thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT alviorenzini thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT caitlincasey thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT nicoleedrakos thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT maximilienfranco thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT ghassemgozaliasl thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT jeyhankartaltepe thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT daizhongliu thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT henryjoymccracken thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT jasonrhodes thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT brantrobertson thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT sunetoft thembhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT takumistanaka mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT johndsilverman mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT xuhengding mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT knudjahnke mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT bennytrakhtenbrot mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT erinilambrides mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT masafusaonoue mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT irhamtaufikandika mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT angelabongiorno mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT andreaslfaisst mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT stevengillman mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT christopherchayward mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT michaelahirschmann mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT antonkoekemoer mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT vasilykokorev mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT zhaoxuanliu mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT georgiosemagdis mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT alviorenzini mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT caitlincasey mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT nicoleedrakos mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT maximilienfranco mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT ghassemgozaliasl mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT jeyhankartaltepe mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT daizhongliu mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT henryjoymccracken mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT jasonrhodes mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT brantrobertson mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages AT sunetoft mbhmrelationuptoz2throughdecompositionofcosmoswebnircamimages |