Association between serum Vitamin D levels and sperm DNA fragmentation index in varicocele patients: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objective While varicocele is a major cause of male infertility, the role of vitamin D in sperm DNA integrity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in varicocele patients. Methods This retrospe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tianhong Cai, Rong Zhang, Kai Chen, Jianfeng He, Tenghui Zhan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-025-01438-4
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