High-Tech Models for Simulating the Wounding Effects of Projectiles of Small Calibres: Benefits for Security Management

The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of projectiles of small calibres on the human femur using an innovative indirect identification method. A heterogeneous physical model was developed that combines ballistic gelatine for soft tissues and porcine femur as an analogue for human bone to si...

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Main Authors: Ludvík Juříček, Katarína Pagáčová, David Mazák, Olga Vojtěchovská
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ital Publication 2025-03-01
Series:HighTech and Innovation Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hightechjournal.org/index.php/HIJ/article/view/1016
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author Ludvík Juříček
Katarína Pagáčová
David Mazák
Olga Vojtěchovská
author_facet Ludvík Juříček
Katarína Pagáčová
David Mazák
Olga Vojtěchovská
author_sort Ludvík Juříček
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of projectiles of small calibres on the human femur using an innovative indirect identification method. A heterogeneous physical model was developed that combines ballistic gelatine for soft tissues and porcine femur as an analogue for human bone to simulate gunshot injuries under ethical and economic conditions. The study evaluated three types of ammunition: 9 mm Luger pistol cartridges and two micro-calibre rifle cartridges, 5.56×45 mm (SS 109) and 5.45×39 mm (7H6). Ballistic testing measured impact and exit velocities, assessed bone tissue destruction, soft tissue damage, and the temporary cavity created by projectiles. The findings reveal that micro-calibre rifle projectiles cause up to twice the bone destruction and more extensive soft tissue damage compared to pistol ammunition. The study also highlights the significant role of liquid structures in the medullary cavity in amplifying bone damage. These results improve ballistic testing methodologies, offering valuable insights for crisis management, security operations, and the development of protective equipment. The proposed model serves as a critical tool for understanding the effects on human tissues, aiding in forensic analysis, and advancing experimental ballistics. This research opens new opportunities for applications in the security and health disciplines.   Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2025-06-01-010 Full Text: PDF
format Article
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Ital Publication
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series HighTech and Innovation Journal
spelling doaj-art-1c1fb2ac963d40ea8fb0d40a2dc536d72025-08-20T01:51:16ZengItal PublicationHighTech and Innovation Journal2723-95352025-03-016113515010.28991/HIJ-2025-06-01-010246High-Tech Models for Simulating the Wounding Effects of Projectiles of Small Calibres: Benefits for Security ManagementLudvík Juříček0Katarína Pagáčová1David Mazák2Olga Vojtěchovská3Department of Management and Economics, DTI University, Sládkovičova 553/20, 018 41 Dubnica nad Váhom,Department of Management and Economics, DTI University, Sládkovičova 553/20, 018 41 Dubnica nad Váhom,Department of Management and Economics, DTI University, Sládkovičova 553/20, 018 41 Dubnica nad Váhom,Department of Security and Law, Ambis University, Lindnerova 575/1, 180 00 Praha 8,The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of projectiles of small calibres on the human femur using an innovative indirect identification method. A heterogeneous physical model was developed that combines ballistic gelatine for soft tissues and porcine femur as an analogue for human bone to simulate gunshot injuries under ethical and economic conditions. The study evaluated three types of ammunition: 9 mm Luger pistol cartridges and two micro-calibre rifle cartridges, 5.56×45 mm (SS 109) and 5.45×39 mm (7H6). Ballistic testing measured impact and exit velocities, assessed bone tissue destruction, soft tissue damage, and the temporary cavity created by projectiles. The findings reveal that micro-calibre rifle projectiles cause up to twice the bone destruction and more extensive soft tissue damage compared to pistol ammunition. The study also highlights the significant role of liquid structures in the medullary cavity in amplifying bone damage. These results improve ballistic testing methodologies, offering valuable insights for crisis management, security operations, and the development of protective equipment. The proposed model serves as a critical tool for understanding the effects on human tissues, aiding in forensic analysis, and advancing experimental ballistics. This research opens new opportunities for applications in the security and health disciplines.   Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2025-06-01-010 Full Text: PDFhttps://hightechjournal.org/index.php/HIJ/article/view/1016physical modelballistic experimentcomplex gunshot injuryindirect identification methodprojectiles of small calibreslive tissue substitutionwounding effect of a projectilewounding potential of a projectile.
spellingShingle Ludvík Juříček
Katarína Pagáčová
David Mazák
Olga Vojtěchovská
High-Tech Models for Simulating the Wounding Effects of Projectiles of Small Calibres: Benefits for Security Management
HighTech and Innovation Journal
physical model
ballistic experiment
complex gunshot injury
indirect identification method
projectiles of small calibres
live tissue substitution
wounding effect of a projectile
wounding potential of a projectile.
title High-Tech Models for Simulating the Wounding Effects of Projectiles of Small Calibres: Benefits for Security Management
title_full High-Tech Models for Simulating the Wounding Effects of Projectiles of Small Calibres: Benefits for Security Management
title_fullStr High-Tech Models for Simulating the Wounding Effects of Projectiles of Small Calibres: Benefits for Security Management
title_full_unstemmed High-Tech Models for Simulating the Wounding Effects of Projectiles of Small Calibres: Benefits for Security Management
title_short High-Tech Models for Simulating the Wounding Effects of Projectiles of Small Calibres: Benefits for Security Management
title_sort high tech models for simulating the wounding effects of projectiles of small calibres benefits for security management
topic physical model
ballistic experiment
complex gunshot injury
indirect identification method
projectiles of small calibres
live tissue substitution
wounding effect of a projectile
wounding potential of a projectile.
url https://hightechjournal.org/index.php/HIJ/article/view/1016
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