Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Oral breathing is a common condition, particularly in children, and it is associated with significant changes in craniofacial development, dentomaxillary anomalies, and overall health. Despite extensive research, the role of oral breathing in the development...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Dana Feștilă Cristina Dora Ciobotaru Tudor Suciu Cristian Doru Olteanu Mircea Ghergie |
| author_facet | Dana Feștilă Cristina Dora Ciobotaru Tudor Suciu Cristian Doru Olteanu Mircea Ghergie |
| author_sort | Dana Feștilă |
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| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Oral breathing is a common condition, particularly in children, and it is associated with significant changes in craniofacial development, dentomaxillary anomalies, and overall health. Despite extensive research, the role of oral breathing in the development of malocclusion remains controversial, with debates on whether it is a causative factor or a secondary adaptation to existing craniofacial issues. <b>Methods</b>: This narrative review synthesizes studies published in the last 15 years, focusing on the impact of oral breathing on dentofacial development and mandibular posture. A comprehensive search was conducted on four electronic databases (Embase, Medline, ProQUEST, Scopus) using keywords related to oral breathing, malocclusion, mandibular posture, and craniofacial development. Studies were included if they focused on the effects of oral breathing on craniofacial morphology, malocclusion, and postural changes in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. <b>Results</b>: Results indicate a strong link between oral breathing and dentofacial changes such as adenoid facies, Class II malocclusion, posterior crossbite, and anterior open bite. It causes cranial posture changes, particularly increased craniocervical extension, as a compensatory mechanism to maintain airway patency. <b>Conclusions</b>: Oral breathing is a risk factor for malocclusion prognosis, especially in growing children. Dentofacial changes in oral breathers include adenoid facies, convex facial profile, and increased lower facial height. Oral breathing also leads to significant changes in cranial posture, often accompanied by mandibular, lingual, and palatal alterations. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ba29e3760864f1bb4ac4af70c5d8a602025-01-24T13:27:11ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-01-011217210.3390/children12010072Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric OrthodonticsDana Feștilă0Cristina Dora Ciobotaru1Tudor Suciu2Cristian Doru Olteanu3Mircea Ghergie4Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Oral breathing is a common condition, particularly in children, and it is associated with significant changes in craniofacial development, dentomaxillary anomalies, and overall health. Despite extensive research, the role of oral breathing in the development of malocclusion remains controversial, with debates on whether it is a causative factor or a secondary adaptation to existing craniofacial issues. <b>Methods</b>: This narrative review synthesizes studies published in the last 15 years, focusing on the impact of oral breathing on dentofacial development and mandibular posture. A comprehensive search was conducted on four electronic databases (Embase, Medline, ProQUEST, Scopus) using keywords related to oral breathing, malocclusion, mandibular posture, and craniofacial development. Studies were included if they focused on the effects of oral breathing on craniofacial morphology, malocclusion, and postural changes in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. <b>Results</b>: Results indicate a strong link between oral breathing and dentofacial changes such as adenoid facies, Class II malocclusion, posterior crossbite, and anterior open bite. It causes cranial posture changes, particularly increased craniocervical extension, as a compensatory mechanism to maintain airway patency. <b>Conclusions</b>: Oral breathing is a risk factor for malocclusion prognosis, especially in growing children. Dentofacial changes in oral breathers include adenoid facies, convex facial profile, and increased lower facial height. Oral breathing also leads to significant changes in cranial posture, often accompanied by mandibular, lingual, and palatal alterations.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/72oral breathingmouth breathingcraniofacial developmentposturemalocclusionorthodontics |
| spellingShingle | Dana Feștilă Cristina Dora Ciobotaru Tudor Suciu Cristian Doru Olteanu Mircea Ghergie Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics Children oral breathing mouth breathing craniofacial development posture malocclusion orthodontics |
| title | Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics |
| title_full | Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics |
| title_fullStr | Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics |
| title_short | Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics |
| title_sort | oral breathing effects on malocclusions and mandibular posture complex consequences on dentofacial development in pediatric orthodontics |
| topic | oral breathing mouth breathing craniofacial development posture malocclusion orthodontics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/72 |
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