Immunoregulative coating for scarless healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligaments are widely used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction due to their high tensile strength. However, bone tunnel enlargement around PET ligaments poses a risk for surgical failure. PET's inert surface, lower bioactivity, and mecha...
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| Format: | Article |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Bioactive Materials |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X24004912 |
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| author | Shuang Wang Chao Xu Yuanman Yu Jie Li Tianwu Chen Jing Wang Changsheng Liu |
| author_facet | Shuang Wang Chao Xu Yuanman Yu Jie Li Tianwu Chen Jing Wang Changsheng Liu |
| author_sort | Shuang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligaments are widely used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction due to their high tensile strength. However, bone tunnel enlargement around PET ligaments poses a risk for surgical failure. PET's inert surface, lower bioactivity, and mechanical abrasion trigger an M1 macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, leading to excessive, disorganized scar tissue. This scar tissue creates a space-occupying effect at the interface, obstructing graft-bone integration and contributing to bone tunnel enlargement. To address this issue, we developed a multi-layered immune-regulating hydrogel coating for scar-free PET-bone integration. Comprising gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA), and sulfated polysaccharide (SCS), the hydrogel forms a hydrogen-bonded lubricating layer to reduce friction. The sustained release of SCS also down-regulates M1 macrophage polarization, inhibiting early scar formation. By eliminating the space-occupying effect of scar tissue, SCS subsequently promotes M2 macrophage polarization. This shift releases endogenous factors that enhance blood vessel formation and new bone growth, ultimately achieving high-quality graft-bone integration. The application of this multi-layered, inflammation-modulating hydrogel coating not only removes scar tissue barriers but also improves graft-bone integration through enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, it avoids the overuse of exogenous growth factors and potential complications, offering a more convenient and feasible therapeutic strategy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1b1f84d2ce7241f3aa59704f37fba0d0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2452-199X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioactive Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-1b1f84d2ce7241f3aa59704f37fba0d02025-01-26T05:04:20ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Bioactive Materials2452-199X2025-03-01457187Immunoregulative coating for scarless healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionShuang Wang0Chao Xu1Yuanman Yu2Jie Li3Tianwu Chen4Jing Wang5Changsheng Liu6Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, PR ChinaKey Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR ChinaKey Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR ChinaSports Medicine Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Corresponding author.Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Corresponding author.Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Corresponding author.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligaments are widely used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction due to their high tensile strength. However, bone tunnel enlargement around PET ligaments poses a risk for surgical failure. PET's inert surface, lower bioactivity, and mechanical abrasion trigger an M1 macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, leading to excessive, disorganized scar tissue. This scar tissue creates a space-occupying effect at the interface, obstructing graft-bone integration and contributing to bone tunnel enlargement. To address this issue, we developed a multi-layered immune-regulating hydrogel coating for scar-free PET-bone integration. Comprising gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA), and sulfated polysaccharide (SCS), the hydrogel forms a hydrogen-bonded lubricating layer to reduce friction. The sustained release of SCS also down-regulates M1 macrophage polarization, inhibiting early scar formation. By eliminating the space-occupying effect of scar tissue, SCS subsequently promotes M2 macrophage polarization. This shift releases endogenous factors that enhance blood vessel formation and new bone growth, ultimately achieving high-quality graft-bone integration. The application of this multi-layered, inflammation-modulating hydrogel coating not only removes scar tissue barriers but also improves graft-bone integration through enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, it avoids the overuse of exogenous growth factors and potential complications, offering a more convenient and feasible therapeutic strategy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X24004912Anterior cruciate ligamentScar tissueMacrophagesAngiogenesisOsteogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Shuang Wang Chao Xu Yuanman Yu Jie Li Tianwu Chen Jing Wang Changsheng Liu Immunoregulative coating for scarless healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Bioactive Materials Anterior cruciate ligament Scar tissue Macrophages Angiogenesis Osteogenesis |
| title | Immunoregulative coating for scarless healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_full | Immunoregulative coating for scarless healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_fullStr | Immunoregulative coating for scarless healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunoregulative coating for scarless healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_short | Immunoregulative coating for scarless healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_sort | immunoregulative coating for scarless healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| topic | Anterior cruciate ligament Scar tissue Macrophages Angiogenesis Osteogenesis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X24004912 |
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