Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the physical workload questionnaire (PWQ)
Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders in manual workers are often linked to physical workload factors such as heavy lifting, repetitive movements, and awkward postures. These factors can negatively impact health and work efficiency. Simple tools like questionnaires are essential for studying...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08345-0 |
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| author | Mehrnaz Noshadha Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia Mohsen Vahedi Markus Melloh |
| author_facet | Mehrnaz Noshadha Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia Mohsen Vahedi Markus Melloh |
| author_sort | Mehrnaz Noshadha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders in manual workers are often linked to physical workload factors such as heavy lifting, repetitive movements, and awkward postures. These factors can negatively impact health and work efficiency. Simple tools like questionnaires are essential for studying physical workload. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Physical Workload Questionnaire for Persian-speaking populations (PWQ-Pr). Methods The study involved 255 participants and followed standard guidelines for translation and cultural adaptation. Various psychometric properties were assessed, including face validity through interviews, construct validity via hypothesis testing and factor analysis, content validity using the Content Validity Index (CVI), convergent validity through Pearson’s correlation with the Spine Functional Index (SFI), internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability assessed through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard measurement error over a 10-day period. Results Good internal consistency (α = 0.89) and high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.81–0.94) were obtained. Convergent validity was indicated by a correlation of r = 0.41 (P < 0.001) with the SFI questionnaire. Content Validity (CVI = 0.93) was approved. Factor analysis identified two distinct factors within the PWQ-Pr, explaining 52.07% of the variance. Hypothesis testing indicated significant differences in physical workload across job types and among individuals with and without spinal musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), with eight hypotheses confirmed out of twelve tested. Conclusions The Persian version of the Physical Workload Questionnaire (PWQ-Pr) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing physical workload among Persian-speaking individuals. It is effective in evaluating workload across various job tasks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a5eaa883960434c819a190f3290ad14 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2474 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a5eaa883960434c819a190f3290ad142025-02-02T12:05:29ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742025-02-0126111210.1186/s12891-025-08345-0Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the physical workload questionnaire (PWQ)Mehrnaz Noshadha0Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia1Mohsen Vahedi2Markus Melloh3Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesDepartment of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesSchool of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of TechnologyAbstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders in manual workers are often linked to physical workload factors such as heavy lifting, repetitive movements, and awkward postures. These factors can negatively impact health and work efficiency. Simple tools like questionnaires are essential for studying physical workload. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Physical Workload Questionnaire for Persian-speaking populations (PWQ-Pr). Methods The study involved 255 participants and followed standard guidelines for translation and cultural adaptation. Various psychometric properties were assessed, including face validity through interviews, construct validity via hypothesis testing and factor analysis, content validity using the Content Validity Index (CVI), convergent validity through Pearson’s correlation with the Spine Functional Index (SFI), internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability assessed through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard measurement error over a 10-day period. Results Good internal consistency (α = 0.89) and high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.81–0.94) were obtained. Convergent validity was indicated by a correlation of r = 0.41 (P < 0.001) with the SFI questionnaire. Content Validity (CVI = 0.93) was approved. Factor analysis identified two distinct factors within the PWQ-Pr, explaining 52.07% of the variance. Hypothesis testing indicated significant differences in physical workload across job types and among individuals with and without spinal musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), with eight hypotheses confirmed out of twelve tested. Conclusions The Persian version of the Physical Workload Questionnaire (PWQ-Pr) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing physical workload among Persian-speaking individuals. It is effective in evaluating workload across various job tasks.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08345-0Musculoskeletal disordersPhysical workloadValidityReliabilityPWQPersian |
| spellingShingle | Mehrnaz Noshadha Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia Mohsen Vahedi Markus Melloh Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the physical workload questionnaire (PWQ) BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Musculoskeletal disorders Physical workload Validity Reliability PWQ Persian |
| title | Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the physical workload questionnaire (PWQ) |
| title_full | Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the physical workload questionnaire (PWQ) |
| title_fullStr | Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the physical workload questionnaire (PWQ) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the physical workload questionnaire (PWQ) |
| title_short | Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the physical workload questionnaire (PWQ) |
| title_sort | translation cross cultural adaptation and validation of the persian version of the physical workload questionnaire pwq |
| topic | Musculoskeletal disorders Physical workload Validity Reliability PWQ Persian |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08345-0 |
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