Exosomal biomarkers and immune checkpoint inhibitors: advancements and future prospects

Abstract This review examines the growing role of exosomes and circulating exosomal biomarkers in predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer therapy. While ICIs have revolutionized cancer treatment, predicting patient response remains a major challenge. Exosomes, small extr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Can Lu, Muhammad Tufail, Can-Hua Jiang, Ning Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Cancer Cell International
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03806-x
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