A Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Profiles Generated by the RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> System for Diverse Biological Fluids Highlights the Powerful Protective Role of Human Seminal Plasma
(1) Background: The RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> system has been developed as a rapid, effective means of profiling different types of antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to examine its performance utilizing a diverse array of biological fluids including semen, blood plasma, serum...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/90 |
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| author | Robert J. Aitken Alexandra Wilkins Natasha Harrison Mohammad Bahrami Zamira Gibb Kaitlin McIntosh Quan Vuong Sarah Lambourne |
| author_facet | Robert J. Aitken Alexandra Wilkins Natasha Harrison Mohammad Bahrami Zamira Gibb Kaitlin McIntosh Quan Vuong Sarah Lambourne |
| author_sort | Robert J. Aitken |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: The RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> system has been developed as a rapid, effective means of profiling different types of antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to examine its performance utilizing a diverse array of biological fluids including semen, blood plasma, serum, urine, saliva, follicular fluid and plant extracts. (2) Methods: The RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> system was used to assess the ability of different fluids to suppress free radical formation as well as scavenge a variety of toxic oxygen metabolites including free radicals and both hydrogen and organic peroxides. (3) Results: Human semen was shown to have significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) more peroxide scavenging power than any other fluid tested (10–14 mM vitamin C equivalent compared with 1–2 mM for blood serum or plasma), while urine was particularly effective in scavenging free radicals and preventing free radical formation (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The powerful antioxidant properties of human semen were shown to reside within the seminal plasma (SP) fraction, rather than the spermatozoa, and to be resistant to snap freezing in liquid nitrogen. Moreover, comparative studies demonstrated that human SP exhibited significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) higher levels of antioxidant potential than any other species examined (stallion, bull, dog) and that this intense activity reflected the relative vulnerability of human spermatozoa to peroxide attack. (4) Conclusions: The RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> system provides valuable information on the antioxidant profile of complex biological fluids, supporting its diagnostic role in conditions associated with oxidative stress. Based on the results secured in this study, human semen is identified as a particularly rich source of antioxidants capable of scavenging both hydrogen and organic peroxides, in keeping with the high susceptibility of human spermatozoa to peroxide-mediated damage. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-190b40251f5f4b41876916286fdf51be |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-190b40251f5f4b41876916286fdf51be2025-01-24T13:19:27ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011419010.3390/antiox14010090A Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Profiles Generated by the RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> System for Diverse Biological Fluids Highlights the Powerful Protective Role of Human Seminal PlasmaRobert J. Aitken0Alexandra Wilkins1Natasha Harrison2Mohammad Bahrami3Zamira Gibb4Kaitlin McIntosh5Quan Vuong6Sarah Lambourne7Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, AustraliaCentre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, AustraliaCentre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, AustraliaCentre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, AustraliaCentre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, AustraliaCentre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, AustraliaSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Brush Rd., Ourimbah, NSW 2258, AustraliaCentre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia(1) Background: The RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> system has been developed as a rapid, effective means of profiling different types of antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to examine its performance utilizing a diverse array of biological fluids including semen, blood plasma, serum, urine, saliva, follicular fluid and plant extracts. (2) Methods: The RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> system was used to assess the ability of different fluids to suppress free radical formation as well as scavenge a variety of toxic oxygen metabolites including free radicals and both hydrogen and organic peroxides. (3) Results: Human semen was shown to have significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) more peroxide scavenging power than any other fluid tested (10–14 mM vitamin C equivalent compared with 1–2 mM for blood serum or plasma), while urine was particularly effective in scavenging free radicals and preventing free radical formation (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The powerful antioxidant properties of human semen were shown to reside within the seminal plasma (SP) fraction, rather than the spermatozoa, and to be resistant to snap freezing in liquid nitrogen. Moreover, comparative studies demonstrated that human SP exhibited significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) higher levels of antioxidant potential than any other species examined (stallion, bull, dog) and that this intense activity reflected the relative vulnerability of human spermatozoa to peroxide attack. (4) Conclusions: The RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> system provides valuable information on the antioxidant profile of complex biological fluids, supporting its diagnostic role in conditions associated with oxidative stress. Based on the results secured in this study, human semen is identified as a particularly rich source of antioxidants capable of scavenging both hydrogen and organic peroxides, in keeping with the high susceptibility of human spermatozoa to peroxide-mediated damage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/90antioxidantRoXsta<sup>TM</sup> systemsemensperm motilitybloodurine |
| spellingShingle | Robert J. Aitken Alexandra Wilkins Natasha Harrison Mohammad Bahrami Zamira Gibb Kaitlin McIntosh Quan Vuong Sarah Lambourne A Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Profiles Generated by the RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> System for Diverse Biological Fluids Highlights the Powerful Protective Role of Human Seminal Plasma Antioxidants antioxidant RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> system semen sperm motility blood urine |
| title | A Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Profiles Generated by the RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> System for Diverse Biological Fluids Highlights the Powerful Protective Role of Human Seminal Plasma |
| title_full | A Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Profiles Generated by the RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> System for Diverse Biological Fluids Highlights the Powerful Protective Role of Human Seminal Plasma |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Profiles Generated by the RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> System for Diverse Biological Fluids Highlights the Powerful Protective Role of Human Seminal Plasma |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Profiles Generated by the RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> System for Diverse Biological Fluids Highlights the Powerful Protective Role of Human Seminal Plasma |
| title_short | A Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Profiles Generated by the RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> System for Diverse Biological Fluids Highlights the Powerful Protective Role of Human Seminal Plasma |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of the antioxidant profiles generated by the roxsta sup tm sup system for diverse biological fluids highlights the powerful protective role of human seminal plasma |
| topic | antioxidant RoXsta<sup>TM</sup> system semen sperm motility blood urine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/90 |
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