Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is known to increase in human cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal diseases. In human medicine, TMAO has recently been utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for renal dysfunction, and research is ongoing regarding its potential as a therapeutic target. This...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Seung-Ju Kang, Wan-Gyu Kim, Keon Kim, Chang-Hyeon Choi, Jong-Hwan Park, Seog-Jin Kang, Chang-Min Lee, Yoon Jung Do, Woong-Bin Ro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2170
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