Genomic and transcriptomic insights into vitamin A-induced thermogenesis and gene reuse as a cold adaptation strategy in wild boars
Abstract Wild boars inhabit diverse climates, including frigid regions like Siberia, but their migration history and cold adaptation mechanisms into high latitudes remain poorly understood. We constructed the most comprehensive wild boar whole-genome variant dataset to date, comprising 124 samples f...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Communications Biology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07536-8 |
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| author | Mingpeng Zhang Aleksei Traspov Jiawen Yang Min Zheng Veronika R. Kharzinova Huashui Ai Natalia A. Zinovieva Lusheng Huang |
| author_facet | Mingpeng Zhang Aleksei Traspov Jiawen Yang Min Zheng Veronika R. Kharzinova Huashui Ai Natalia A. Zinovieva Lusheng Huang |
| author_sort | Mingpeng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Wild boars inhabit diverse climates, including frigid regions like Siberia, but their migration history and cold adaptation mechanisms into high latitudes remain poorly understood. We constructed the most comprehensive wild boar whole-genome variant dataset to date, comprising 124 samples from tropical to frigid zones, among which 47 Russian, 8 South Chinese and 3 Vietnamese wild boars were newly supplemented. We also gathered 75 high-quality RNA-seq datasets from 10 tissues of 6 wild boars from Russia and 6 from southern China. Demographic analysis revealed the appearance of Russian wild boars in Far East of Asia (RUA) and Europe (RUE) after the last glacial maximum till ~ 10 thousand years ago. Recent gene flow (<100 years) from RUA to RUE reflects human-mediated introductions. Cold-region wild boars exhibit strong selection signatures indicative of genetic adaptation to cold climates. Further pathway and transcriptomic analyses reveal a novel cold resistance mechanism centered on enhanced vitamin A metabolism and catalysis, involving the reuse of UGT2B31 and rhythm regulation by ANGPTL8, RLN3 and ZBTB20. This may compensate for the pig’s lack of brown fat/UCP1 thermogenesis. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of cold adaptation and improve our understanding of Eurasian wild boar migration history. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-12fca0f3a6884a9a8ebc22f456b6f779 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2399-3642 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Communications Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-12fca0f3a6884a9a8ebc22f456b6f7792025-01-26T12:48:20ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-01-018111410.1038/s42003-025-07536-8Genomic and transcriptomic insights into vitamin A-induced thermogenesis and gene reuse as a cold adaptation strategy in wild boarsMingpeng Zhang0Aleksei Traspov1Jiawen Yang2Min Zheng3Veronika R. Kharzinova4Huashui Ai5Natalia A. Zinovieva6Lusheng Huang7National Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal DistrictNational Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNational Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal DistrictNational Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityL.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal DistrictNational Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityAbstract Wild boars inhabit diverse climates, including frigid regions like Siberia, but their migration history and cold adaptation mechanisms into high latitudes remain poorly understood. We constructed the most comprehensive wild boar whole-genome variant dataset to date, comprising 124 samples from tropical to frigid zones, among which 47 Russian, 8 South Chinese and 3 Vietnamese wild boars were newly supplemented. We also gathered 75 high-quality RNA-seq datasets from 10 tissues of 6 wild boars from Russia and 6 from southern China. Demographic analysis revealed the appearance of Russian wild boars in Far East of Asia (RUA) and Europe (RUE) after the last glacial maximum till ~ 10 thousand years ago. Recent gene flow (<100 years) from RUA to RUE reflects human-mediated introductions. Cold-region wild boars exhibit strong selection signatures indicative of genetic adaptation to cold climates. Further pathway and transcriptomic analyses reveal a novel cold resistance mechanism centered on enhanced vitamin A metabolism and catalysis, involving the reuse of UGT2B31 and rhythm regulation by ANGPTL8, RLN3 and ZBTB20. This may compensate for the pig’s lack of brown fat/UCP1 thermogenesis. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of cold adaptation and improve our understanding of Eurasian wild boar migration history.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07536-8 |
| spellingShingle | Mingpeng Zhang Aleksei Traspov Jiawen Yang Min Zheng Veronika R. Kharzinova Huashui Ai Natalia A. Zinovieva Lusheng Huang Genomic and transcriptomic insights into vitamin A-induced thermogenesis and gene reuse as a cold adaptation strategy in wild boars Communications Biology |
| title | Genomic and transcriptomic insights into vitamin A-induced thermogenesis and gene reuse as a cold adaptation strategy in wild boars |
| title_full | Genomic and transcriptomic insights into vitamin A-induced thermogenesis and gene reuse as a cold adaptation strategy in wild boars |
| title_fullStr | Genomic and transcriptomic insights into vitamin A-induced thermogenesis and gene reuse as a cold adaptation strategy in wild boars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic and transcriptomic insights into vitamin A-induced thermogenesis and gene reuse as a cold adaptation strategy in wild boars |
| title_short | Genomic and transcriptomic insights into vitamin A-induced thermogenesis and gene reuse as a cold adaptation strategy in wild boars |
| title_sort | genomic and transcriptomic insights into vitamin a induced thermogenesis and gene reuse as a cold adaptation strategy in wild boars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07536-8 |
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