Unia Europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji Katalończyków
Two identities coexisted and competed among Catalans: some considered themselves a regional variant of the Spanish nation, while others claimed to represent a separate nation. While four decades ago the first orientation prevailed, today the second attitude is more common. National identity has l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | deu |
| Published: |
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Przegląd Geopolityczny |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://przeglad.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/XLVI-05-Szul.pdf |
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| Summary: | Two identities coexisted and competed among Catalans: some considered
themselves a regional variant of the Spanish nation, while others claimed to represent a
separate nation. While four decades ago the first orientation prevailed, today the
second attitude is more common. National identity has largely replaced ethno-regional
identity. Catalans distinguish between the concepts of "nation" and "state," according to
which there can be a nation without a state as well as a nationality residing in more
than one state, while mostly in Western Europe these concepts are not distinguished:
states are nations and nations without a state do not exist. The European Union was
built on the basis of this very formal-political definition of a nation. Nations without a
state in the EU have been "crammed" into the category of ethnic groups, which the EU
does not deal with, or into the category of regions completely dependent on the states
on whose territory they are located. Having changed the identity of the Catalans, it is
difficult to "cram" them into the category of an ethnic group, so they have become a
problem for the European Union. The purpose of this article is to explain the situation
that has led to a contradiction between the rule of law and the principle of democracy
in the EU. The rule of law was the basis for the EU institutions' ignoring the Catalan
declaration of independence in 2017, but on the other hand, the concern for democracy
resulted in the refusal to surrender to Spain the Catalan leaders who were on EU
territory and were being prosecuted by the Spanish authorities. |
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| ISSN: | 2080-8836 |