Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021
Background & Aims: This study used the Global Burden of Disease data (2010–2021) to analyze the rates and trends of point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in 204 countries. Methods: Total...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Gong Feng Giovanni Targher Christopher D. Byrne Yusuf Yilmaz Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana Leon A. Adams Jerome Boursier George Papatheodoridis Mohamed El-Kassas Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Silvia Sookoian Laurent Castera Wah-Kheong Chan Feng Ye Sombat Treeprasertsuk Helena Cortez-Pinto Hon Ho Yu Won Kim Manuel Romero-Gómez Atsushi Nakajima Khin Maung Win Seung Up Kim Adriaan G. Holleboom Giada Sebastiani Ponsiano Ocama John D. Ryan Monica Lupșor-Platon Hasmik Ghazinyan Mamun Al-Mahtab Saeed Hamid Nilanka Perera Khalid A. Alswat Qiuwei Pan Michelle T. Long Vasily Isakov Man Mi Marco Arrese Arun J. Sanyal Shiv Kumar Sarin Nathalie Carvalho Leite Luca Valenti Philip N. Newsome Hannes Hagström Salvatore Petta Hannele Yki-Järvinen Jörn M. Schattenberg Marlen I. Castellanos Fernández Isabelle A. Leclercq Gulnara Aghayeva Abdel-Naser Elzouki Ali Tumi Ala I. Sharara Asma Labidi Faisal M. Sanai Khaled Matar Maen Al-Mattooq Maisam Waid Akroush Mustapha Benazzouz Nabil Debzi Maryam Alkhatry Salma Barakat Said A. Al-Busafi John Rwegasha Wah Yang Agyei Adwoa Christopher Kenneth Opio Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian Yu Jun Wong Jacob George Ming-Hua Zheng |
| author_facet | Gong Feng Giovanni Targher Christopher D. Byrne Yusuf Yilmaz Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana Leon A. Adams Jerome Boursier George Papatheodoridis Mohamed El-Kassas Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Silvia Sookoian Laurent Castera Wah-Kheong Chan Feng Ye Sombat Treeprasertsuk Helena Cortez-Pinto Hon Ho Yu Won Kim Manuel Romero-Gómez Atsushi Nakajima Khin Maung Win Seung Up Kim Adriaan G. Holleboom Giada Sebastiani Ponsiano Ocama John D. Ryan Monica Lupșor-Platon Hasmik Ghazinyan Mamun Al-Mahtab Saeed Hamid Nilanka Perera Khalid A. Alswat Qiuwei Pan Michelle T. Long Vasily Isakov Man Mi Marco Arrese Arun J. Sanyal Shiv Kumar Sarin Nathalie Carvalho Leite Luca Valenti Philip N. Newsome Hannes Hagström Salvatore Petta Hannele Yki-Järvinen Jörn M. Schattenberg Marlen I. Castellanos Fernández Isabelle A. Leclercq Gulnara Aghayeva Abdel-Naser Elzouki Ali Tumi Ala I. Sharara Asma Labidi Faisal M. Sanai Khaled Matar Maen Al-Mattooq Maisam Waid Akroush Mustapha Benazzouz Nabil Debzi Maryam Alkhatry Salma Barakat Said A. Al-Busafi John Rwegasha Wah Yang Agyei Adwoa Christopher Kenneth Opio Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian Yu Jun Wong Jacob George Ming-Hua Zheng |
| author_sort | Gong Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background & Aims: This study used the Global Burden of Disease data (2010–2021) to analyze the rates and trends of point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in 204 countries. Methods: Total numbers and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population for MASLD prevalence, annual incidence, and YLDs were compared across regions and countries by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Smoothing spline models were used to evaluate the relationship between the burden of MASLD and SDI. Estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). Results: Globally, in 2021, the age-standardized rates per 100,000 population of point prevalence of MASLD were 15,018.1 cases (95% UI 13,756.5–16,361.4), annual incidence rates were 608.5 cases (598.8–617.7), and YLDs were 0.5 (0.3–0.8) years. MASLD point prevalence was higher in men than women (15,731.4 vs. 14,310.6 cases per 100,000 population). Prevalence peaked at ages 45–49 for men and 50–54 for women. Kuwait (32,312.2 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,947.1–34,839.0), Egypt (31,668.8 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,272.5–34,224.7), and Qatar (31,327.5 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,078.5–33,790.9) had the highest prevalence rates in 2021. The largest increases in age-standardized point prevalence estimates from 2010 to 2021 were in China (16.9%, 95% UI 14.7%–18.9%), Sudan (13.3%, 95% UI 9.8%–16.7%) and India (13.2%, 95% UI 12.0%–14.4%). MASLD incidence varied with SDI, peaking at moderate SDI levels. Conclusions: MASLD is a global health concern, with the highest prevalence reported in Kuwait, Egypt, and Qatar. Raising awareness about risk factors and prevention is essential in every country, especially in China, Sudan and India, where disease incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing. Impact and implications: This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of MASLD, highlighting its rising prevalence and incidence, particularly in countries with varying sociodemographic indices. The findings are significant for both clinicians and policymakers, as they offer critical insights into the regional disparities in MASLD burden, which can inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies. However, the study’s reliance on modeling and available data suggests cautious interpretation, and further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical and real-world settings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-12218f9cb3c142d4a2c5d3a1b3238d22 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-5559 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JHEP Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-12218f9cb3c142d4a2c5d3a1b3238d222025-02-03T04:16:50ZengElsevierJHEP Reports2589-55592025-03-0173101271Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021Gong Feng0Giovanni Targher1Christopher D. Byrne2Yusuf Yilmaz3Vincent Wai-Sun Wong4Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana5Leon A. Adams6Jerome Boursier7George Papatheodoridis8Mohamed El-Kassas9Nahum Méndez-Sánchez10Silvia Sookoian11Laurent Castera12Wah-Kheong Chan13Feng Ye14Sombat Treeprasertsuk15Helena Cortez-Pinto16Hon Ho Yu17Won Kim18Manuel Romero-Gómez19Atsushi Nakajima20Khin Maung Win21Seung Up Kim22Adriaan G. Holleboom23Giada Sebastiani24Ponsiano Ocama25John D. Ryan26Monica Lupșor-Platon27Hasmik Ghazinyan28Mamun Al-Mahtab29Saeed Hamid30Nilanka Perera31Khalid A. Alswat32Qiuwei Pan33Michelle T. Long34Vasily Isakov35Man Mi36Marco Arrese37Arun J. Sanyal38Shiv Kumar Sarin39Nathalie Carvalho Leite40Luca Valenti41Philip N. Newsome42Hannes Hagström43Salvatore Petta44Hannele Yki-Järvinen45Jörn M. Schattenberg46Marlen I. Castellanos Fernández47Isabelle A. Leclercq48Gulnara Aghayeva49Abdel-Naser Elzouki50Ali Tumi51Ala I. Sharara52Asma Labidi53Faisal M. Sanai54Khaled Matar55Maen Al-Mattooq56Maisam Waid Akroush57Mustapha Benazzouz58Nabil Debzi59Maryam Alkhatry60Salma Barakat61Said A. Al-Busafi62John Rwegasha63Wah Yang64Agyei Adwoa65Christopher Kenneth Opio66Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian67Yu Jun Wong68Jacob George69Ming-Hua Zheng70Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCSS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, ItalySouthampton National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UKDepartment of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey; The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USADepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinaHepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Medical Faculty Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Digestive Disease & GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Mochtar Riyadi Comprehensive Cancer Center (MRCCC) Siloam Semanggi Hospital, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, AustraliaHIFIH Laboratory, UPRES EA3859, Angers University, Angers, France; Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, FranceDepartment of Gastroenterology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceEndemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; Steatotic Liver Disease Study Foundation in Middle East and North Africa (SLMENA), Cairo, EgyptLiver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, MexicoConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Health Science, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaUniversité Paris Cité, UMR1149 (CRI), INSERM, Paris, France, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Clichy, FranceGastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaFaculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandClínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, ChinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, KoreaUCM Digestive Diseases, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (CSIC/HUVR/US), Ciberehd, University of Seville, Sevilla, SpainDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Medical Research, Union of Myanmar, Naypyidaw, MyanmarDepartment of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Makerere University of College of Health Sciences, Kampala, UgandaDepartment of Hepatology, RCSI School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dublin/Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Medical Imaging, “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepathology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaGastroenterology and Hepatology Service, Yerevan Scientific Medical Center, Yerevan, ArmeniaDepartment of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri LankaLiver Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSection of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian FederationXi'an Medical University, Xi'an, ChinaDepartamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileStravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USADepartment of Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Hepatology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Precision Medicine and Biological Resource Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital, London, UKDepartment of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, SwedenSezione di Gastroenterologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, GermanyInstitute of Gastroenterology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Havana, CubaUCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Brussels, BelgiumInternal Diseases Department, Baku branch, Sechenov Medical University, Baku, AzerbaijanDepartment of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornel Medical College, Doha, QatarDepartment of Medicine, Tripoli University, Tripoli, LibyaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, TunisiaGastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaGastroenterology Department, European Gaza Hospital, Gaza, PalestineDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jaber AlAhmad & Farwaniya Hospital, Al Ahmadi, KuwaitDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Mediterranean Taskforce for Cancer Control (MTCC), Amman, JordanService of Medicine C, Centre Hospitalier Universaitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, MoroccoService d'Hépatologie, CHU Mustapha Bacha, Alger, AlgeriaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Obaidulla Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, Emirates Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ras Al Khaimah, UAENational Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Ibn Sina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Khartoum, SudanDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanDepartment of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, GhanaDepartment of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, KenyaPhysiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CanadaStorr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaMAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China; Corresponding author: Address: MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. Tel: +86 577 5557 9611; fax: +86 577 5557 8522.Background & Aims: This study used the Global Burden of Disease data (2010–2021) to analyze the rates and trends of point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in 204 countries. Methods: Total numbers and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population for MASLD prevalence, annual incidence, and YLDs were compared across regions and countries by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Smoothing spline models were used to evaluate the relationship between the burden of MASLD and SDI. Estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). Results: Globally, in 2021, the age-standardized rates per 100,000 population of point prevalence of MASLD were 15,018.1 cases (95% UI 13,756.5–16,361.4), annual incidence rates were 608.5 cases (598.8–617.7), and YLDs were 0.5 (0.3–0.8) years. MASLD point prevalence was higher in men than women (15,731.4 vs. 14,310.6 cases per 100,000 population). Prevalence peaked at ages 45–49 for men and 50–54 for women. Kuwait (32,312.2 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,947.1–34,839.0), Egypt (31,668.8 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,272.5–34,224.7), and Qatar (31,327.5 cases per 100,000 people; 95% UI: 29,078.5–33,790.9) had the highest prevalence rates in 2021. The largest increases in age-standardized point prevalence estimates from 2010 to 2021 were in China (16.9%, 95% UI 14.7%–18.9%), Sudan (13.3%, 95% UI 9.8%–16.7%) and India (13.2%, 95% UI 12.0%–14.4%). MASLD incidence varied with SDI, peaking at moderate SDI levels. Conclusions: MASLD is a global health concern, with the highest prevalence reported in Kuwait, Egypt, and Qatar. Raising awareness about risk factors and prevention is essential in every country, especially in China, Sudan and India, where disease incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing. Impact and implications: This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of MASLD, highlighting its rising prevalence and incidence, particularly in countries with varying sociodemographic indices. The findings are significant for both clinicians and policymakers, as they offer critical insights into the regional disparities in MASLD burden, which can inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies. However, the study’s reliance on modeling and available data suggests cautious interpretation, and further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical and real-world settings.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589555924002751Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseaseNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseaseEpidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Gong Feng Giovanni Targher Christopher D. Byrne Yusuf Yilmaz Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana Leon A. Adams Jerome Boursier George Papatheodoridis Mohamed El-Kassas Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Silvia Sookoian Laurent Castera Wah-Kheong Chan Feng Ye Sombat Treeprasertsuk Helena Cortez-Pinto Hon Ho Yu Won Kim Manuel Romero-Gómez Atsushi Nakajima Khin Maung Win Seung Up Kim Adriaan G. Holleboom Giada Sebastiani Ponsiano Ocama John D. Ryan Monica Lupșor-Platon Hasmik Ghazinyan Mamun Al-Mahtab Saeed Hamid Nilanka Perera Khalid A. Alswat Qiuwei Pan Michelle T. Long Vasily Isakov Man Mi Marco Arrese Arun J. Sanyal Shiv Kumar Sarin Nathalie Carvalho Leite Luca Valenti Philip N. Newsome Hannes Hagström Salvatore Petta Hannele Yki-Järvinen Jörn M. Schattenberg Marlen I. Castellanos Fernández Isabelle A. Leclercq Gulnara Aghayeva Abdel-Naser Elzouki Ali Tumi Ala I. Sharara Asma Labidi Faisal M. Sanai Khaled Matar Maen Al-Mattooq Maisam Waid Akroush Mustapha Benazzouz Nabil Debzi Maryam Alkhatry Salma Barakat Said A. Al-Busafi John Rwegasha Wah Yang Agyei Adwoa Christopher Kenneth Opio Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian Yu Jun Wong Jacob George Ming-Hua Zheng Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021 JHEP Reports Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Epidemiology |
| title | Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021 |
| title_full | Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021 |
| title_short | Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 2010 to 2021 |
| title_sort | global burden of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease 2010 to 2021 |
| topic | Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Epidemiology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589555924002751 |
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