Genomic detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidins encoding genes, virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania
Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a formidable public scourge causing worldwide mild to severe life-threatening infections. The ability of this strain to swiftly spread, evolve, and acquire resistance genes and virulence factors such as pvl genes has further r...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Masoud A. Juma Tolbert Sonda Boaz Wadugu Davis Kuchaka Mariana Shayo Petro Paulo Patrick Kimu Livin E. Kanje Melkiory Beti Marco Van Zwetselaar Blandina Mmbaga Happiness Kumburu |
| author_facet | Masoud A. Juma Tolbert Sonda Boaz Wadugu Davis Kuchaka Mariana Shayo Petro Paulo Patrick Kimu Livin E. Kanje Melkiory Beti Marco Van Zwetselaar Blandina Mmbaga Happiness Kumburu |
| author_sort | Masoud A. Juma |
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| description | Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a formidable public scourge causing worldwide mild to severe life-threatening infections. The ability of this strain to swiftly spread, evolve, and acquire resistance genes and virulence factors such as pvl genes has further rendered this strain difficult to treat. Of concern, is a recently recognized ability to resist antiseptic/disinfectant agents used as an essential part of treatment and infection control practices. This study aimed at detecting the presence of pvl genes and determining the distribution of antiseptic resistance genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates through whole genome sequencing technology. Materials and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across six regional referral hospitals-Dodoma, Songea, Kitete-Kigoma, Morogoro, and Tabora on the mainland, and Mnazi Mmoja from Zanzibar islands counterparts using the archived isolates of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The isolates were collected from Inpatients and Outpatients who attended these hospitals from January 2020 to Dec 2021. Bacterial analysis was carried out using classical microbiological techniques and whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina Nextseq 550 sequencer platform. Several bioinformatic tools were used, KmerFinder 3.2 was used for species identification, MLST 2.0 tool was used for Multilocus Sequence Typing and SCCmecFinder 1.2 was used for SCCmec typing. Virulence genes were detected using virulenceFinder 2.0, while resistance genes were detected by ResFinder 4.1, and phylogenetic relatedness was determined by CSI Phylogeny 1.4 tools. Results Out of the 80 MRSA isolates analyzed, 11 (14%) were found to harbor LukS-PV and LukF-PV, pvl-encoding genes in their genome; therefore pvl-positive MRSA. The majority (82%) of the MRSA isolates bearing pvl genes were also found to exhibit the antiseptic/disinfectant genes in their genome. Moreover, all (80) sequenced MRSA isolates were found to harbor SCCmec type IV subtype 2B&5. The isolates exhibited 4 different sequence types, ST8, ST88, ST789 and ST121. Notably, the predominant sequence type among the isolates was ST8 72 (90%). Conclusion The notably high rate of antiseptic resistance particularly in the Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains poses a significant challenge to infection control measures. The fact that some of these virulent strains harbor the LukS-PV and LukF-PV, the pvl encoding genes, highlight the importance of developing effective interventions to combat the spreading of these pathogenic bacterial strains. Certainly, strengthening antimicrobial resistance surveillance and stewardship will ultimately reduce the selection pressure, improve the patient’s treatment outcome and public health in Tanzania. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-11264a0df1e84018b42ab49f4da2d2ed |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-11264a0df1e84018b42ab49f4da2d2ed2025-01-26T12:56:53ZengBMCBMC Medical Genomics1755-87942025-01-011811910.1186/s12920-025-02085-9Genomic detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidins encoding genes, virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in TanzaniaMasoud A. Juma0Tolbert Sonda1Boaz Wadugu2Davis Kuchaka3Mariana Shayo4Petro Paulo5Patrick Kimu6Livin E. Kanje7Melkiory Beti8Marco Van Zwetselaar9Blandina Mmbaga10Happiness Kumburu11Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeKilimanjaro Clinical Research InstituteKilimanjaro Clinical Research InstituteKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeKilimanjaro Clinical Research InstituteKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeKilimanjaro Clinical Research InstituteKilimanjaro Clinical Research InstituteKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeAbstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a formidable public scourge causing worldwide mild to severe life-threatening infections. The ability of this strain to swiftly spread, evolve, and acquire resistance genes and virulence factors such as pvl genes has further rendered this strain difficult to treat. Of concern, is a recently recognized ability to resist antiseptic/disinfectant agents used as an essential part of treatment and infection control practices. This study aimed at detecting the presence of pvl genes and determining the distribution of antiseptic resistance genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates through whole genome sequencing technology. Materials and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across six regional referral hospitals-Dodoma, Songea, Kitete-Kigoma, Morogoro, and Tabora on the mainland, and Mnazi Mmoja from Zanzibar islands counterparts using the archived isolates of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The isolates were collected from Inpatients and Outpatients who attended these hospitals from January 2020 to Dec 2021. Bacterial analysis was carried out using classical microbiological techniques and whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina Nextseq 550 sequencer platform. Several bioinformatic tools were used, KmerFinder 3.2 was used for species identification, MLST 2.0 tool was used for Multilocus Sequence Typing and SCCmecFinder 1.2 was used for SCCmec typing. Virulence genes were detected using virulenceFinder 2.0, while resistance genes were detected by ResFinder 4.1, and phylogenetic relatedness was determined by CSI Phylogeny 1.4 tools. Results Out of the 80 MRSA isolates analyzed, 11 (14%) were found to harbor LukS-PV and LukF-PV, pvl-encoding genes in their genome; therefore pvl-positive MRSA. The majority (82%) of the MRSA isolates bearing pvl genes were also found to exhibit the antiseptic/disinfectant genes in their genome. Moreover, all (80) sequenced MRSA isolates were found to harbor SCCmec type IV subtype 2B&5. The isolates exhibited 4 different sequence types, ST8, ST88, ST789 and ST121. Notably, the predominant sequence type among the isolates was ST8 72 (90%). Conclusion The notably high rate of antiseptic resistance particularly in the Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains poses a significant challenge to infection control measures. The fact that some of these virulent strains harbor the LukS-PV and LukF-PV, the pvl encoding genes, highlight the importance of developing effective interventions to combat the spreading of these pathogenic bacterial strains. Certainly, strengthening antimicrobial resistance surveillance and stewardship will ultimately reduce the selection pressure, improve the patient’s treatment outcome and public health in Tanzania.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-025-02085-9Panton valentine leucocidin (pvl)Quaternary ammonium compounds (Qac)Sequence type (ST)Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) |
| spellingShingle | Masoud A. Juma Tolbert Sonda Boaz Wadugu Davis Kuchaka Mariana Shayo Petro Paulo Patrick Kimu Livin E. Kanje Melkiory Beti Marco Van Zwetselaar Blandina Mmbaga Happiness Kumburu Genomic detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidins encoding genes, virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania BMC Medical Genomics Panton valentine leucocidin (pvl) Quaternary ammonium compounds (Qac) Sequence type (ST) Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) |
| title | Genomic detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidins encoding genes, virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania |
| title_full | Genomic detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidins encoding genes, virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | Genomic detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidins encoding genes, virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidins encoding genes, virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania |
| title_short | Genomic detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidins encoding genes, virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania |
| title_sort | genomic detection of panton valentine leucocidins encoding genes virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among methicillin resistant s aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in tanzania |
| topic | Panton valentine leucocidin (pvl) Quaternary ammonium compounds (Qac) Sequence type (ST) Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-025-02085-9 |
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