Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion
Abstract Previous studies have suggested that the presence of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) in pleural fluid can be used to diagnose malignant pleural effusion (MPE) with moderate accuracy. However, the factors that affect the diagnostic accuracy of HE4 remain unknown. This study aimed to examine...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Qian Yang Yan Niu Qianghua Zhou Dan-Ni Yang Hong-Zhe Zhu Cheng Yan Su-Na Cha Ting-Wang Jiang Li Yan Wen-Qi Zheng Jian-Xun Wen Zhi-De Hu |
| author_facet | Qian Yang Yan Niu Qianghua Zhou Dan-Ni Yang Hong-Zhe Zhu Cheng Yan Su-Na Cha Ting-Wang Jiang Li Yan Wen-Qi Zheng Jian-Xun Wen Zhi-De Hu |
| author_sort | Qian Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Previous studies have suggested that the presence of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) in pleural fluid can be used to diagnose malignant pleural effusion (MPE) with moderate accuracy. However, the factors that affect the diagnostic accuracy of HE4 remain unknown. This study aimed to examine how age and sex influence the diagnostic accuracy of HE4. Participants with undiagnosed pleural effusion were prospectively enrolled in two cohorts (Hohhot cohort and Changshu cohort), and the presence of HE4 in their pleural fluid upon admission was determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with its area under the curve (AUC) was utilized to assess the diagnostic value of HE4 for MPE. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses and used a resampling method with different upper age limits to investigate the impacts of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of HE4 for MPE. The Hohhot cohort included 86 patients with benign pleural effusions (BPEs) and 66 patients with MPE, whereas the Changshu cohort included 26 patients with MPE and 32 patients with BPE. The diagnostic accuracy of HE4 decreased as age increased in both cohorts. The diagnostic accuracy of HE4 in males did not differ significantly from that in females. Therefore, we conclude that age should be considered when using HE4 in pleural fluid to diagnose MPE. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-10a2e75f25f449a2815c0770619cda712025-01-26T12:29:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-011511610.1038/s41598-025-86929-5Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusionQian Yang0Yan Niu1Qianghua Zhou2Dan-Ni Yang3Hong-Zhe Zhu4Cheng Yan5Su-Na Cha6Ting-Wang Jiang7Li Yan8Wen-Qi Zheng9Jian-Xun Wen10Zhi-De Hu11Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityPublic Service Center for Medical Research, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityKey Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Key Laboratory, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong UniversityKey Laboratory for Biomarkers, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityPublic Service Center for Medical Research, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityAbstract Previous studies have suggested that the presence of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) in pleural fluid can be used to diagnose malignant pleural effusion (MPE) with moderate accuracy. However, the factors that affect the diagnostic accuracy of HE4 remain unknown. This study aimed to examine how age and sex influence the diagnostic accuracy of HE4. Participants with undiagnosed pleural effusion were prospectively enrolled in two cohorts (Hohhot cohort and Changshu cohort), and the presence of HE4 in their pleural fluid upon admission was determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with its area under the curve (AUC) was utilized to assess the diagnostic value of HE4 for MPE. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses and used a resampling method with different upper age limits to investigate the impacts of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of HE4 for MPE. The Hohhot cohort included 86 patients with benign pleural effusions (BPEs) and 66 patients with MPE, whereas the Changshu cohort included 26 patients with MPE and 32 patients with BPE. The diagnostic accuracy of HE4 decreased as age increased in both cohorts. The diagnostic accuracy of HE4 in males did not differ significantly from that in females. Therefore, we conclude that age should be considered when using HE4 in pleural fluid to diagnose MPE.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86929-5Human epididymal protein 4Malignant pleural effusionAgeSexDiagnostic test accuracy |
| spellingShingle | Qian Yang Yan Niu Qianghua Zhou Dan-Ni Yang Hong-Zhe Zhu Cheng Yan Su-Na Cha Ting-Wang Jiang Li Yan Wen-Qi Zheng Jian-Xun Wen Zhi-De Hu Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion Scientific Reports Human epididymal protein 4 Malignant pleural effusion Age Sex Diagnostic test accuracy |
| title | Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion |
| title_full | Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion |
| title_fullStr | Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion |
| title_short | Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion |
| title_sort | influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion |
| topic | Human epididymal protein 4 Malignant pleural effusion Age Sex Diagnostic test accuracy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86929-5 |
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