Excitation of ULF, ELF, and VLF Resonator and Waveguide Oscillations in the Earth–Atmosphere–Ionosphere System by Lightning Current Sources Connected with Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption

Excitation of ULF, ELF, and VLF Resonator and Waveguide Oscillations in the Earth–Atmosphere–Ionosphere System by Lightning Current Sources Connected with Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption

The simulations presented here are based on the observational data of lightning electric currents associated with the eruption of the Hunga Tonga volcano in January 2022. The response of the lithosphere (Earth)–atmosphere–ionosphere–magnetosphere system to unprecedented lightning currents is theoret...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuriy G. Rapoport, Volodymyr V. Grimalsky, Andrzej Krankowski, Asen Grytsai, Sergei S. Petrishchevskii, Leszek Błaszkiewicz, Chieh-Hung Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Atmosphere
Subjects:
ultra low frequency
geomagnetic field lines
Schumann resonator
ionospheric Alfvén resonator
lightning discharge
Hunga Tonga volcano eruption
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/1/97
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