Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid‐Associated Ophthalmopathy
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the activity of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in patients with thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) using turbo spin echo imaging. By analyzing tissue heterogeneity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis offers enhanced insights into...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70131 |
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| author | Defu Li Tingting Zhu Yujin Wang |
| author_facet | Defu Li Tingting Zhu Yujin Wang |
| author_sort | Defu Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the activity of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in patients with thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) using turbo spin echo imaging. By analyzing tissue heterogeneity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis offers enhanced insights into edema within the EOMs. Methods Eighty‐eight patients with TAO were retrospectively evaluated and allocated into active (n = 24, clinical activity score [CAS] ≥ 3) and inactive (n = 64, CAS < 3) groups. The parameter values of the ADC histogram of EOMs were measured; the efficacy of ADC histograms in distinguishing between TAO activity and inactivity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to determine active TAO predictors. Results The minimum, maximum, median, mean; and 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 75th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of the ADC histograms were higher in patients with active than that in participants with inactive TAO. The area under the curve (AUC) of the 10th percentile of the ADC histogram and the median distinguishing between active and inactive TAOs were both 0.791 (both p < 0.05), and the AUCs of the combined model of age, sex, smoking, and the 10th percentile in the ADC histogram were better than those of their individual models and the combined model of age, sex, and smoking (all p < 0.05). Smoking and male sex, along with the median > 1.26 μm2/s, entropy > 4.03, and standard deviation (SD) > 0.4 of the ADC histogram, were significant predictors of TAO activity, with odds ratios of 2.741 and 6.806, 5.070, 2.652, and 2.197, respectively (all p < 0.05). Conclusion ADC histograms provide a new method for distinguishing active from inactive TAO, and the 10th percentile enhances the clinical diagnosis of active TAO. In addition to male sex and smoking, an ADC histogram median > 1.26 μm²/s, entropy > 4.03, or SD > 0.4 may also predict active TAO. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0fb105cb462c4950af4fd585a46d6a79 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2050-4527 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-0fb105cb462c4950af4fd585a46d6a792025-02-06T07:50:38ZengWileyImmunity, Inflammation and Disease2050-45272025-01-01131n/an/a10.1002/iid3.70131Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid‐Associated OphthalmopathyDefu Li0Tingting Zhu1Yujin Wang2Department of Radiology Fuyong People's Hospital of Baoan District Shenzhen ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan ChinaABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the activity of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in patients with thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) using turbo spin echo imaging. By analyzing tissue heterogeneity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis offers enhanced insights into edema within the EOMs. Methods Eighty‐eight patients with TAO were retrospectively evaluated and allocated into active (n = 24, clinical activity score [CAS] ≥ 3) and inactive (n = 64, CAS < 3) groups. The parameter values of the ADC histogram of EOMs were measured; the efficacy of ADC histograms in distinguishing between TAO activity and inactivity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to determine active TAO predictors. Results The minimum, maximum, median, mean; and 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 75th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of the ADC histograms were higher in patients with active than that in participants with inactive TAO. The area under the curve (AUC) of the 10th percentile of the ADC histogram and the median distinguishing between active and inactive TAOs were both 0.791 (both p < 0.05), and the AUCs of the combined model of age, sex, smoking, and the 10th percentile in the ADC histogram were better than those of their individual models and the combined model of age, sex, and smoking (all p < 0.05). Smoking and male sex, along with the median > 1.26 μm2/s, entropy > 4.03, and standard deviation (SD) > 0.4 of the ADC histogram, were significant predictors of TAO activity, with odds ratios of 2.741 and 6.806, 5.070, 2.652, and 2.197, respectively (all p < 0.05). Conclusion ADC histograms provide a new method for distinguishing active from inactive TAO, and the 10th percentile enhances the clinical diagnosis of active TAO. In addition to male sex and smoking, an ADC histogram median > 1.26 μm²/s, entropy > 4.03, or SD > 0.4 may also predict active TAO.https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70131apparent diffusion coefficientclinical activity scoreextraocular muscleintravoxel incoherent motionthyroid‐associated ophthalmopathyturbo spin echo |
| spellingShingle | Defu Li Tingting Zhu Yujin Wang Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid‐Associated Ophthalmopathy Immunity, Inflammation and Disease apparent diffusion coefficient clinical activity score extraocular muscle intravoxel incoherent motion thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy turbo spin echo |
| title | Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid‐Associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_full | Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid‐Associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_fullStr | Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid‐Associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid‐Associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_short | Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid‐Associated Ophthalmopathy |
| title_sort | histogram of apparent diffusion coefficient to evaluate the activity of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy |
| topic | apparent diffusion coefficient clinical activity score extraocular muscle intravoxel incoherent motion thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy turbo spin echo |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70131 |
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