Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling Model

Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling Model

The escalating demand for efficient thermal management in lithium-ion batteries necessitates precise characterization of their thermal behavior under diverse operating conditions. This study develops a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical–thermal coupling model grounded in porous electrode theory...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xing Hu, Hu Xu, Chenglin Ding, Yupeng Tian, Kuo Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Batteries
Subjects:
lithium-ion batteries
electrochemical–thermal coupled model
high-rate discharge
thermal safety
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/7/280
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Summary:The escalating demand for efficient thermal management in lithium-ion batteries necessitates precise characterization of their thermal behavior under diverse operating conditions. This study develops a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical–thermal coupling model grounded in porous electrode theory and energy conservation principles. The model solves multi-physics equations such as Fick’s law, Ohm’s law, and the Butler–Volmer equation, to resolve coupled electrochemical and thermal dynamics, with temperature-dependent parameters calibrated via the Arrhenius equation. Simulations under varying discharge rates reveal that high-rate discharges exacerbate internal heat accumulation. Low ambient temperatures amplify polarization effects. Forced convection cooling reduces surface temperatures but exacerbates core-to-surface thermal gradients. Structural optimization strategies demonstrate that enhancing through-thickness thermal conductivity reduces temperature differences. These findings underscore the necessity of balancing energy density and thermal management in lithium-ion battery design, proposing actionable insights such as preheating protocols for low-temperature operation, optimized cooling systems for high-rate scenarios, and material-level enhancements for improved thermal uniformity.
ISSN:2313-0105

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