Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in China
Abstract Background Perinatal depression is common worldwide, which can cause many adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the mother and baby, as well as the whole family. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is an efficient and effective instrument for perinatal depression....
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21213-1 |
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| author | Jichun Yang Yu Jiang Yimin Qu Yongle Zhan Haihui Ma Xiaoxiu Li Dongmei Man Hongguo Wu Ping Huang |
| author_facet | Jichun Yang Yu Jiang Yimin Qu Yongle Zhan Haihui Ma Xiaoxiu Li Dongmei Man Hongguo Wu Ping Huang |
| author_sort | Jichun Yang |
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| description | Abstract Background Perinatal depression is common worldwide, which can cause many adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the mother and baby, as well as the whole family. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is an efficient and effective instrument for perinatal depression. However, few studies have examined its longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) during the whole perinatal period, which is particularly important in longitudinal studies, such as exploring developmental trajectories of perinatal depression and evaluating the effects of certain interventions. Methods 4139 pregnant women from 24 hospitals in 15 provinces of China were measured using EPDS in the first, second, third trimesters and 6 weeks postpartum. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to explore the factor structure of EPDS at each time point. Multi-group analyses were performed to examine LMI of EPDS. Results A three-factor model was optimal at all time points, showing the clearest factor structure and best model fit: Anhedonia (Items 1–2), Anxiety (Items 3–6), Depression (Items 7–10). Internal reliability of EPDS was good at all time points (e.g., Cronbach’s α > 0.80). A series of multi-group analyses further indicated that the EPDS held strict LMI (configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance) during the perinatal period. Conclusion The findings further confirmed three-factor structure and good reliability of the EPDS when used in Chinese pregnant and postpartum women. The LMI justified comparisons of EPDS scores among different measurement time points. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-0d6432ea7ec84f3a992eaebf0913e97a2025-01-19T12:41:29ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-01-0125111110.1186/s12889-024-21213-1Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in ChinaJichun Yang0Yu Jiang1Yimin Qu2Yongle Zhan3Haihui Ma4Xiaoxiu Li5Dongmei Man6Hongguo Wu7Ping Huang8Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province & the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and TechnologySchool of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Obstetrics, TongZhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of BeijingDepartment of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityDepartment of Perinatal Health, Jiaxian Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalDepartment of Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityAbstract Background Perinatal depression is common worldwide, which can cause many adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the mother and baby, as well as the whole family. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is an efficient and effective instrument for perinatal depression. However, few studies have examined its longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) during the whole perinatal period, which is particularly important in longitudinal studies, such as exploring developmental trajectories of perinatal depression and evaluating the effects of certain interventions. Methods 4139 pregnant women from 24 hospitals in 15 provinces of China were measured using EPDS in the first, second, third trimesters and 6 weeks postpartum. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to explore the factor structure of EPDS at each time point. Multi-group analyses were performed to examine LMI of EPDS. Results A three-factor model was optimal at all time points, showing the clearest factor structure and best model fit: Anhedonia (Items 1–2), Anxiety (Items 3–6), Depression (Items 7–10). Internal reliability of EPDS was good at all time points (e.g., Cronbach’s α > 0.80). A series of multi-group analyses further indicated that the EPDS held strict LMI (configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance) during the perinatal period. Conclusion The findings further confirmed three-factor structure and good reliability of the EPDS when used in Chinese pregnant and postpartum women. The LMI justified comparisons of EPDS scores among different measurement time points.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21213-1Perinatal depressionLongitudinal measurement invarianceEPDSDimensionalityCohort study |
| spellingShingle | Jichun Yang Yu Jiang Yimin Qu Yongle Zhan Haihui Ma Xiaoxiu Li Dongmei Man Hongguo Wu Ping Huang Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in China BMC Public Health Perinatal depression Longitudinal measurement invariance EPDS Dimensionality Cohort study |
| title | Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in China |
| title_full | Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in China |
| title_fullStr | Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in China |
| title_short | Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in China |
| title_sort | factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of edinburgh postnatal depression scale during the whole perinatal period a multicenter cohort study in china |
| topic | Perinatal depression Longitudinal measurement invariance EPDS Dimensionality Cohort study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21213-1 |
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