NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in the elderly in industrialized countries. AMD is a multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental risk factors. Progression of AMD is characterized by an increase in the number and size of drusen, e...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/690243 |
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| _version_ | 1832563960781471744 |
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| author | Jiangyuan Gao Ruozhou Tom Liu Sijia Cao Jing Z. Cui Aikun Wang Eleanor To Joanne A. Matsubara |
| author_facet | Jiangyuan Gao Ruozhou Tom Liu Sijia Cao Jing Z. Cui Aikun Wang Eleanor To Joanne A. Matsubara |
| author_sort | Jiangyuan Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in the elderly in industrialized countries. AMD is a multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental risk factors. Progression of AMD is characterized by an increase in the number and size of drusen, extracellular deposits, which accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane (BM) in outer retina. The major pathways associated with its pathogenesis include oxidative stress and inflammation in the early stages of AMD. Little is known about the interactions among these mechanisms that drive the transition from early to late stages of AMD, such as geographic atrophy (GA) or choroidal neovascularization (CNV). As part of the innate immune system, inflammasome activation has been identified in RPE cells and proposed to be a causal factor for RPE dysfunction and degeneration. Here, we will first review the classic model of inflammasome activation, then discuss the potentials of AMD-related factors to activate the inflammasome in both nonocular immune cells and RPE cells, and finally introduce several novel mechanisms for regulating the inflammasome activity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0d2d3063c364495e8f69ca9beeda1bf5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-0d2d3063c364495e8f69ca9beeda1bf52025-02-03T01:12:04ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612015-01-01201510.1155/2015/690243690243NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular DegenerationJiangyuan Gao0Ruozhou Tom Liu1Sijia Cao2Jing Z. Cui3Aikun Wang4Eleanor To5Joanne A. Matsubara6Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, CanadaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, CanadaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, CanadaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, CanadaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, CanadaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, CanadaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, CanadaAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in the elderly in industrialized countries. AMD is a multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental risk factors. Progression of AMD is characterized by an increase in the number and size of drusen, extracellular deposits, which accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane (BM) in outer retina. The major pathways associated with its pathogenesis include oxidative stress and inflammation in the early stages of AMD. Little is known about the interactions among these mechanisms that drive the transition from early to late stages of AMD, such as geographic atrophy (GA) or choroidal neovascularization (CNV). As part of the innate immune system, inflammasome activation has been identified in RPE cells and proposed to be a causal factor for RPE dysfunction and degeneration. Here, we will first review the classic model of inflammasome activation, then discuss the potentials of AMD-related factors to activate the inflammasome in both nonocular immune cells and RPE cells, and finally introduce several novel mechanisms for regulating the inflammasome activity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/690243 |
| spellingShingle | Jiangyuan Gao Ruozhou Tom Liu Sijia Cao Jing Z. Cui Aikun Wang Eleanor To Joanne A. Matsubara NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| title_full | NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| title_fullStr | NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| title_short | NLRP3 Inflammasome: Activation and Regulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| title_sort | nlrp3 inflammasome activation and regulation in age related macular degeneration |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/690243 |
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