GC-FID and Olfactometry-Assisted Assessment of Odors from Polymeric Foams under Normal and Repeated-Use Conditions
Polymeric foams are the primary components of upholstered furniture, and their emissions play a decisive role in the acceptability of the final furniture product. This study is focused on passive emissions and odors from commercial foams under normal and repeated-use conditions. Six different types...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Polymer Technology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4097414 |
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| author | Alena Capíková Daniela Tesařová Josef Hlavaty Adam Ekielski Pawan Kumar Mishra |
| author_facet | Alena Capíková Daniela Tesařová Josef Hlavaty Adam Ekielski Pawan Kumar Mishra |
| author_sort | Alena Capíková |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polymeric foams are the primary components of upholstered furniture, and their emissions play a decisive role in the acceptability of the final furniture product. This study is focused on passive emissions and odors from commercial foams under normal and repeated-use conditions. Six different types of foams, viz., highly elastic foam K5040, standard PU foam N5063, bonded polyurethane foam R100, viscoelastic foam V5020, self-extinguishing foam KF5560, and foam rubber, were used. The samples were collected at the intervals of 72 hours and 672 hours (28 days) to identify the odors due to chemical reactions in the material or slowly released due to its porous structure. Additionally, repeated-use studies were done to understand the effect of prolonged usage/natural ageing on emitted odors from the foams. The samples were tested as per ČSN EN 13 725 (2005) and ISO 16000-6 (2011) criteria using GC-FID (gas chromatography-flame ionization detector) and olfactometry. The most unpleasant substance was found to be nonanal, with an average score of -4 (unpleasant). A total of 23 compounds were identified (5 unidentified) using olfactometry; however, only 11 of them were confirmed by GC-FID-based testing. Any new compound or increase in odor intensity was not observed in long-term measurements and simulated repeated-use conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0be59f47c79d4a65bec0edf3e9284c29 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0730-6679 1098-2329 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Polymer Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-0be59f47c79d4a65bec0edf3e9284c292025-02-03T01:04:03ZengWileyAdvances in Polymer Technology0730-66791098-23292020-01-01202010.1155/2020/40974144097414GC-FID and Olfactometry-Assisted Assessment of Odors from Polymeric Foams under Normal and Repeated-Use ConditionsAlena Capíková0Daniela Tesařová1Josef Hlavaty2Adam Ekielski3Pawan Kumar Mishra4Textile Testing Institute, Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Furniture, Design, and Habitat, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno-sever-Černá Pole, Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Furniture, Design, and Habitat, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno-sever-Černá Pole, Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno-sever-Černá Pole, Brno, Czech RepublicPolymeric foams are the primary components of upholstered furniture, and their emissions play a decisive role in the acceptability of the final furniture product. This study is focused on passive emissions and odors from commercial foams under normal and repeated-use conditions. Six different types of foams, viz., highly elastic foam K5040, standard PU foam N5063, bonded polyurethane foam R100, viscoelastic foam V5020, self-extinguishing foam KF5560, and foam rubber, were used. The samples were collected at the intervals of 72 hours and 672 hours (28 days) to identify the odors due to chemical reactions in the material or slowly released due to its porous structure. Additionally, repeated-use studies were done to understand the effect of prolonged usage/natural ageing on emitted odors from the foams. The samples were tested as per ČSN EN 13 725 (2005) and ISO 16000-6 (2011) criteria using GC-FID (gas chromatography-flame ionization detector) and olfactometry. The most unpleasant substance was found to be nonanal, with an average score of -4 (unpleasant). A total of 23 compounds were identified (5 unidentified) using olfactometry; however, only 11 of them were confirmed by GC-FID-based testing. Any new compound or increase in odor intensity was not observed in long-term measurements and simulated repeated-use conditions.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4097414 |
| spellingShingle | Alena Capíková Daniela Tesařová Josef Hlavaty Adam Ekielski Pawan Kumar Mishra GC-FID and Olfactometry-Assisted Assessment of Odors from Polymeric Foams under Normal and Repeated-Use Conditions Advances in Polymer Technology |
| title | GC-FID and Olfactometry-Assisted Assessment of Odors from Polymeric Foams under Normal and Repeated-Use Conditions |
| title_full | GC-FID and Olfactometry-Assisted Assessment of Odors from Polymeric Foams under Normal and Repeated-Use Conditions |
| title_fullStr | GC-FID and Olfactometry-Assisted Assessment of Odors from Polymeric Foams under Normal and Repeated-Use Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | GC-FID and Olfactometry-Assisted Assessment of Odors from Polymeric Foams under Normal and Repeated-Use Conditions |
| title_short | GC-FID and Olfactometry-Assisted Assessment of Odors from Polymeric Foams under Normal and Repeated-Use Conditions |
| title_sort | gc fid and olfactometry assisted assessment of odors from polymeric foams under normal and repeated use conditions |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4097414 |
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