Molecular, Metabolic, and Physiological Responses to Progressive Biotic Stress Caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Turnip Mosaic Virus in Saffron
The economic value of the saffron stigma is primarily due to three crucial apocarotenoids: crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal, which contribute to its color, flavor, and aroma. These compounds make saffron highly valuable in various industries. Plant viruses like the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and t...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Marzieh Shamshiri Conchi Sánchez Saleta Rico Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli Mahdi Ayyari Hassan Rezadoost Masoud Shams-Bakhsh |
| author_facet | Marzieh Shamshiri Conchi Sánchez Saleta Rico Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli Mahdi Ayyari Hassan Rezadoost Masoud Shams-Bakhsh |
| author_sort | Marzieh Shamshiri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The economic value of the saffron stigma is primarily due to three crucial apocarotenoids: crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal, which contribute to its color, flavor, and aroma. These compounds make saffron highly valuable in various industries. Plant viruses like the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) are significant threats to agricultural crops worldwide, causing economic losses. To elucidate the influence of viral stress on the quality of saffron, morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular indexes were assessed. Under the stress of both viruses, typical viral symptoms appeared. The lowest contents of leaf pigments, flowering performance, petal anthocyanin, greenness, and photosynthesis properties were observed in plants infected with CMV and TuMV. According to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, CMV inoculation led to the highest reduction in crocin and safranal content, while inducing the highest increase in picrocrocin compared to the mock treatment. Gene expression analysis involved in the biosynthesis of crucial secondary metabolites showed a high correlation with the content of each metabolite. CMV inoculation resulted in the lowest expression of <i>CsALDH31l</i> and the highest expression of <i>CsUGT709G1</i> compared with the mock treatment. Our findings demonstrate the association between virus stress and changes in the metabolism of the saffron medicinal plant. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0bdb2a219e1e483eae5524a0c90ac33f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-0bdb2a219e1e483eae5524a0c90ac33f2025-01-24T13:34:45ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-01-011119610.3390/horticulturae11010096Molecular, Metabolic, and Physiological Responses to Progressive Biotic Stress Caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Turnip Mosaic Virus in SaffronMarzieh Shamshiri0Conchi Sánchez1Saleta Rico2Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli3Mahdi Ayyari4Hassan Rezadoost5Masoud Shams-Bakhsh6Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, IranMisión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, SpainMisión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, IranDepartment of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, IranDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, IranThe economic value of the saffron stigma is primarily due to three crucial apocarotenoids: crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal, which contribute to its color, flavor, and aroma. These compounds make saffron highly valuable in various industries. Plant viruses like the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) are significant threats to agricultural crops worldwide, causing economic losses. To elucidate the influence of viral stress on the quality of saffron, morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular indexes were assessed. Under the stress of both viruses, typical viral symptoms appeared. The lowest contents of leaf pigments, flowering performance, petal anthocyanin, greenness, and photosynthesis properties were observed in plants infected with CMV and TuMV. According to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, CMV inoculation led to the highest reduction in crocin and safranal content, while inducing the highest increase in picrocrocin compared to the mock treatment. Gene expression analysis involved in the biosynthesis of crucial secondary metabolites showed a high correlation with the content of each metabolite. CMV inoculation resulted in the lowest expression of <i>CsALDH31l</i> and the highest expression of <i>CsUGT709G1</i> compared with the mock treatment. Our findings demonstrate the association between virus stress and changes in the metabolism of the saffron medicinal plant.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/96ApocarotenoidesCMV: cucumber mosaic virusCrocus sativusexpression analysisHPLC (High performance liquid chromatography)Iridaceae |
| spellingShingle | Marzieh Shamshiri Conchi Sánchez Saleta Rico Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli Mahdi Ayyari Hassan Rezadoost Masoud Shams-Bakhsh Molecular, Metabolic, and Physiological Responses to Progressive Biotic Stress Caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Turnip Mosaic Virus in Saffron Horticulturae Apocarotenoides CMV: cucumber mosaic virus Crocus sativus expression analysis HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) Iridaceae |
| title | Molecular, Metabolic, and Physiological Responses to Progressive Biotic Stress Caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Turnip Mosaic Virus in Saffron |
| title_full | Molecular, Metabolic, and Physiological Responses to Progressive Biotic Stress Caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Turnip Mosaic Virus in Saffron |
| title_fullStr | Molecular, Metabolic, and Physiological Responses to Progressive Biotic Stress Caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Turnip Mosaic Virus in Saffron |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular, Metabolic, and Physiological Responses to Progressive Biotic Stress Caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Turnip Mosaic Virus in Saffron |
| title_short | Molecular, Metabolic, and Physiological Responses to Progressive Biotic Stress Caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Turnip Mosaic Virus in Saffron |
| title_sort | molecular metabolic and physiological responses to progressive biotic stress caused by cucumber mosaic virus and turnip mosaic virus in saffron |
| topic | Apocarotenoides CMV: cucumber mosaic virus Crocus sativus expression analysis HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) Iridaceae |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/96 |
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