The Pathology of T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the production of a wide array of autoantibodies. Thus, the condition was traditionally classified as a “B-cell disease”. Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/419029 |
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| author | Anselm Mak Nien Yee Kow |
| author_facet | Anselm Mak Nien Yee Kow |
| author_sort | Anselm Mak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the production of a wide array of autoantibodies. Thus, the condition was traditionally classified as a “B-cell disease”. Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the “helpless” B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. T cells have been recognized to be crucial in the pathogenicity of SLE through their capabilities to communicate with and offer enormous help to B cells for driving autoantibody production. Recently, a number of phenotypic and functional alterations which increase the propensity to trigger lupus-related inflammation have been identified in lupus T cells. Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. Additionally, how regulatory CD4+, CD8+, and γδ T cells tune down lupus-related inflammation will be highlighted. Lastly, while currently available outcomes of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which manipulate the T cells such as calcineurin inhibitors indicate that they are at least as efficacious and safe as conventional immunosuppressants in treating lupus glomerulonephritis, larger clinical trials are undoubtedly required to validate these as-yet favourable findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-075a7f219b8447c790ca3b0974af1dde |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-075a7f219b8447c790ca3b0974af1dde2025-02-03T06:11:15ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562014-01-01201410.1155/2014/419029419029The Pathology of T Cells in Systemic Lupus ErythematosusAnselm Mak0Nien Yee Kow1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block, 119228, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, SingaporeSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the production of a wide array of autoantibodies. Thus, the condition was traditionally classified as a “B-cell disease”. Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the “helpless” B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. T cells have been recognized to be crucial in the pathogenicity of SLE through their capabilities to communicate with and offer enormous help to B cells for driving autoantibody production. Recently, a number of phenotypic and functional alterations which increase the propensity to trigger lupus-related inflammation have been identified in lupus T cells. Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. Additionally, how regulatory CD4+, CD8+, and γδ T cells tune down lupus-related inflammation will be highlighted. Lastly, while currently available outcomes of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which manipulate the T cells such as calcineurin inhibitors indicate that they are at least as efficacious and safe as conventional immunosuppressants in treating lupus glomerulonephritis, larger clinical trials are undoubtedly required to validate these as-yet favourable findings.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/419029 |
| spellingShingle | Anselm Mak Nien Yee Kow The Pathology of T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | The Pathology of T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_full | The Pathology of T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_fullStr | The Pathology of T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Pathology of T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_short | The Pathology of T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_sort | pathology of t cells in systemic lupus erythematosus |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/419029 |
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