Real-Time PPG-Based Biometric Identification: Advancing Security with 2D Gram Matrices and Deep Learning Models
The integration of liveness detection into biometric systems is crucial for countering spoofing attacks and enhancing security. This study investigates the efficacy of photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, which offer distinct advantages over traditional biometric techniques. PPG signals are non-invas...
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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Series: | Sensors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/40 |
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