The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy

Abstract In 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of natural gas and 20% of solid fuels consumed in EU27). The decline in the share of oil since 2016 was more than of...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Giuseppe Celi, Dario Guarascio, Jelena Reljic, Annamaria Simonazzi, Francesco Zezza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2022-06-01
Series:Intereconomics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-022-1049-2
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