Fracture Toughness Assessment of Pipeline Steels Under Hydrogen Exposure for Blended Gas Applications
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a critical concern for pipeline steels, particularly as the energy sector explores the feasibility of blending hydrogen with natural gas to reduce carbon emissions. Various mechanical testing methods assess HE, with fracture toughness testing offering a quantitative me...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/29 |
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| author | Hesamedin Ghadiani Zoheir Farhat Tahrim Alam Md. Aminul Islam |
| author_facet | Hesamedin Ghadiani Zoheir Farhat Tahrim Alam Md. Aminul Islam |
| author_sort | Hesamedin Ghadiani |
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| description | Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a critical concern for pipeline steels, particularly as the energy sector explores the feasibility of blending hydrogen with natural gas to reduce carbon emissions. Various mechanical testing methods assess HE, with fracture toughness testing offering a quantitative measure of defect impacts on structural safety, particularly for cracks arising during manufacturing, fabrication, or in-service conditions. This study focuses on assessing the fracture toughness of two pipeline steels from an existing natural gas network under varying hydrogen concentrations using double cantilever beam (DCB) fracture tests. A vintage API X52 steel with a ferritic–pearlitic microstructure and a modern API X65 steel with polygonal ferrite and elongated pearlite colonies were selected to represent old and new pipeline materials. Electrochemical hydrogen charging was employed to simulate hydrogen exposure, with the charging parameters derived from hydrogen permeation tests. The results highlight the differing impacts of hydrogen on the fracture toughness and crack growth in vintage and modern pipeline steels. These findings are essential for ensuring the safety and integrity of pipelines carrying hydrogen–natural gas blends. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-03cf5d8e0186426f95da5afe3b3d5b42 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj-art-03cf5d8e0186426f95da5afe3b3d5b422025-01-24T13:41:27ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-01-011512910.3390/met15010029Fracture Toughness Assessment of Pipeline Steels Under Hydrogen Exposure for Blended Gas ApplicationsHesamedin Ghadiani0Zoheir Farhat1Tahrim Alam2Md. Aminul Islam3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, CanadaEnbridge Gas Inc., Ottawa, ON K1K 2C7, CanadaMining Wear and Corrosion Laboratory, National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, CanadaHydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a critical concern for pipeline steels, particularly as the energy sector explores the feasibility of blending hydrogen with natural gas to reduce carbon emissions. Various mechanical testing methods assess HE, with fracture toughness testing offering a quantitative measure of defect impacts on structural safety, particularly for cracks arising during manufacturing, fabrication, or in-service conditions. This study focuses on assessing the fracture toughness of two pipeline steels from an existing natural gas network under varying hydrogen concentrations using double cantilever beam (DCB) fracture tests. A vintage API X52 steel with a ferritic–pearlitic microstructure and a modern API X65 steel with polygonal ferrite and elongated pearlite colonies were selected to represent old and new pipeline materials. Electrochemical hydrogen charging was employed to simulate hydrogen exposure, with the charging parameters derived from hydrogen permeation tests. The results highlight the differing impacts of hydrogen on the fracture toughness and crack growth in vintage and modern pipeline steels. These findings are essential for ensuring the safety and integrity of pipelines carrying hydrogen–natural gas blends.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/29natural gas–hydrogen blendinghydrogen embrittlementfracture toughnesscritical stress intensity factorAPI X52 and X65 degradation |
| spellingShingle | Hesamedin Ghadiani Zoheir Farhat Tahrim Alam Md. Aminul Islam Fracture Toughness Assessment of Pipeline Steels Under Hydrogen Exposure for Blended Gas Applications Metals natural gas–hydrogen blending hydrogen embrittlement fracture toughness critical stress intensity factor API X52 and X65 degradation |
| title | Fracture Toughness Assessment of Pipeline Steels Under Hydrogen Exposure for Blended Gas Applications |
| title_full | Fracture Toughness Assessment of Pipeline Steels Under Hydrogen Exposure for Blended Gas Applications |
| title_fullStr | Fracture Toughness Assessment of Pipeline Steels Under Hydrogen Exposure for Blended Gas Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fracture Toughness Assessment of Pipeline Steels Under Hydrogen Exposure for Blended Gas Applications |
| title_short | Fracture Toughness Assessment of Pipeline Steels Under Hydrogen Exposure for Blended Gas Applications |
| title_sort | fracture toughness assessment of pipeline steels under hydrogen exposure for blended gas applications |
| topic | natural gas–hydrogen blending hydrogen embrittlement fracture toughness critical stress intensity factor API X52 and X65 degradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/29 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hesamedinghadiani fracturetoughnessassessmentofpipelinesteelsunderhydrogenexposureforblendedgasapplications AT zoheirfarhat fracturetoughnessassessmentofpipelinesteelsunderhydrogenexposureforblendedgasapplications AT tahrimalam fracturetoughnessassessmentofpipelinesteelsunderhydrogenexposureforblendedgasapplications AT mdaminulislam fracturetoughnessassessmentofpipelinesteelsunderhydrogenexposureforblendedgasapplications |