Impact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstract This research investigates the effects of dietary supplementation with Ecobiol plus® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT5940) on the growth performance, physiological responses, oxidative stress, and immune status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings revealed to Aeromonas hydrop...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04480-x |
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| author | Amira A. Omar Doaa H. Assar Mustafa Shukry Aya Abo El-Ezz Foad A. Farrag Wesam E. Abd El-Aziz Eman M. Moustafa |
| author_facet | Amira A. Omar Doaa H. Assar Mustafa Shukry Aya Abo El-Ezz Foad A. Farrag Wesam E. Abd El-Aziz Eman M. Moustafa |
| author_sort | Amira A. Omar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This research investigates the effects of dietary supplementation with Ecobiol plus® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT5940) on the growth performance, physiological responses, oxidative stress, and immune status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings revealed to Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 525 Nile tilapia fingerlings, averaging 30.00 ± 5.00 g in initial weight, were randomly divided into four groups (control and three experimental groups), each with three replicates of 25 fish. Ecobiol plus® was integrated in the diet at concentrations of 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/kg feed. Fish were fed at 3% of their biomass daily, with biweekly adjustments based on growth. The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks, followed by a 15-day challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila to evaluate immune responses and survival outcomes. The group receiving 0.4 g/kg of Ecobiol plus® exhibited the most significant improvements in growth performance, including higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency (p < 0.05). Blood and biochemical assessments indicated increased hemoglobin, total protein, and globulin levels, reflecting improved physiological and immunological conditions. Additionally, lysozyme activity and phagocytic response were markedly enhanced, demonstrating the probiotic’s immune-boosting potential. Histopathological evaluations revealed reduced gut, gills, and hepatopancreas lesions, especially in groups with higher supplementation levels. Fish in Group T4, fed with 0.4 g/kg Ecobiol plus®, achieved the best growth performance, with a final weight of 77.96 ± 5.53 g, a weight gain of 42.46 ± 3.18 g, and a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.51%/day, compared to the control group (T1) with a final weight of 75.26 ± 3.87 g, weight gain of 35.76 ± 2.08 g, and SGR of 1.24%/day. Survival rates considerably increased in the treated groups, with T4 exhibiting the highest rate of 96.00%, followed by T2 (94.68%), T3 (92.00%), and T1 (81.32%). Additionally, the LD50 of A. hydrophila was determined to be 3 × 10⁷ CFU/mL, underscoring the protective effect of Ecobiol plus® in enhancing fish immunity and resilience against bacterial challenges. These results suggest that Ecobiol plus® can be a natural, antibiotic-free additive to strengthen growth and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. The optimal inclusion level of Ecobiol plus® is 0.4 g/kg for maximum benefit. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-039b88d2abea465882d9a0be18c8f97b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-039b88d2abea465882d9a0be18c8f97b2025-02-02T12:29:10ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-01-0121111610.1186/s12917-025-04480-xImpact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophilaAmira A. Omar0Doaa H. Assar1Mustafa Shukry2Aya Abo El-Ezz3Foad A. Farrag4Wesam E. Abd El-Aziz5Eman M. Moustafa6Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityAnimal Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityAbstract This research investigates the effects of dietary supplementation with Ecobiol plus® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT5940) on the growth performance, physiological responses, oxidative stress, and immune status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings revealed to Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 525 Nile tilapia fingerlings, averaging 30.00 ± 5.00 g in initial weight, were randomly divided into four groups (control and three experimental groups), each with three replicates of 25 fish. Ecobiol plus® was integrated in the diet at concentrations of 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/kg feed. Fish were fed at 3% of their biomass daily, with biweekly adjustments based on growth. The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks, followed by a 15-day challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila to evaluate immune responses and survival outcomes. The group receiving 0.4 g/kg of Ecobiol plus® exhibited the most significant improvements in growth performance, including higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency (p < 0.05). Blood and biochemical assessments indicated increased hemoglobin, total protein, and globulin levels, reflecting improved physiological and immunological conditions. Additionally, lysozyme activity and phagocytic response were markedly enhanced, demonstrating the probiotic’s immune-boosting potential. Histopathological evaluations revealed reduced gut, gills, and hepatopancreas lesions, especially in groups with higher supplementation levels. Fish in Group T4, fed with 0.4 g/kg Ecobiol plus®, achieved the best growth performance, with a final weight of 77.96 ± 5.53 g, a weight gain of 42.46 ± 3.18 g, and a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.51%/day, compared to the control group (T1) with a final weight of 75.26 ± 3.87 g, weight gain of 35.76 ± 2.08 g, and SGR of 1.24%/day. Survival rates considerably increased in the treated groups, with T4 exhibiting the highest rate of 96.00%, followed by T2 (94.68%), T3 (92.00%), and T1 (81.32%). Additionally, the LD50 of A. hydrophila was determined to be 3 × 10⁷ CFU/mL, underscoring the protective effect of Ecobiol plus® in enhancing fish immunity and resilience against bacterial challenges. These results suggest that Ecobiol plus® can be a natural, antibiotic-free additive to strengthen growth and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. The optimal inclusion level of Ecobiol plus® is 0.4 g/kg for maximum benefit.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04480-xAquacultureProbiotic supplementationFish immunityOxidative stressNile tilapia nutritionAeromonas hydrophila challenge |
| spellingShingle | Amira A. Omar Doaa H. Assar Mustafa Shukry Aya Abo El-Ezz Foad A. Farrag Wesam E. Abd El-Aziz Eman M. Moustafa Impact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila BMC Veterinary Research Aquaculture Probiotic supplementation Fish immunity Oxidative stress Nile tilapia nutrition Aeromonas hydrophila challenge |
| title | Impact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila |
| title_full | Impact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila |
| title_short | Impact of Ecobiol plus ® feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila |
| title_sort | impact of ecobiol plus r feed additive on growth performance physiological response oxidative status and immunological status of nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus fingerlings challenged with aeromonas hydrophila |
| topic | Aquaculture Probiotic supplementation Fish immunity Oxidative stress Nile tilapia nutrition Aeromonas hydrophila challenge |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04480-x |
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