Powerful Explosions from the Collapse of Rotating Supermassive Stars
We perform new general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations for collapses of rotating supermassive star cores with an approximate nuclear burning up to carbon and a detailed equation of state. For all the models we investigate, the energy generation by nuclear burning plays only a minor role, lead...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb0b8 |
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| author | Sho Fujibayashi Cédric Jockel Kyohei Kawaguchi Yuichiro Sekiguchi Masaru Shibata |
| author_facet | Sho Fujibayashi Cédric Jockel Kyohei Kawaguchi Yuichiro Sekiguchi Masaru Shibata |
| author_sort | Sho Fujibayashi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We perform new general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations for collapses of rotating supermassive star cores with an approximate nuclear burning up to carbon and a detailed equation of state. For all the models we investigate, the energy generation by nuclear burning plays only a minor role, leading to the formation of a black hole without a nuclear-powered explosion. For rotating models, however, the stellar explosion associated with shock heating is driven from a torus, which forms after the black hole formation. The explosion energy is up to 10 ^−4 of the mass energy of the supermassive star cores (∼10 ^55 –10 ^56 erg). We find that, even if we increase the rotational angular momentum of the progenitor, the ejecta mass saturates at ∼1% of the total mass of the initial stellar core. The average ejecta velocity also saturates at ≈20% of the speed of light. As a result, the ejecta kinetic energy is approximately proportional to the initial mass of the supermassive star core for the rapidly rotating case. We also perform viscous hydrodynamics simulations to explore the evolution of the remnant torus. Although the viscous heating drives an outflow from the torus, we find that its effect is subdominant in terms of the kinetic energy because of the small velocity (≈0.07 c ) of the ejecta component. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-02ab37b6ee9d4bcd81a4bd74fc8dcb7b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-02ab37b6ee9d4bcd81a4bd74fc8dcb7b2025-08-20T03:16:31ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01981211910.3847/1538-4357/adb0b8Powerful Explosions from the Collapse of Rotating Supermassive StarsSho Fujibayashi0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6467-4969Cédric Jockel1https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7617-7178Kyohei Kawaguchi2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4443-6984Yuichiro Sekiguchi3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-3835Masaru Shibata4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-5671Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan ; sho.fujibayashi@astr.tohoku.ac.jp; Astronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut) , Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, GermanyMax-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut) , Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, GermanyMax-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut) , Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, 606-8502, JapanCenter for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Department of Physics, Toho University , Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, JapanMax-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut) , Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, 606-8502, JapanWe perform new general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations for collapses of rotating supermassive star cores with an approximate nuclear burning up to carbon and a detailed equation of state. For all the models we investigate, the energy generation by nuclear burning plays only a minor role, leading to the formation of a black hole without a nuclear-powered explosion. For rotating models, however, the stellar explosion associated with shock heating is driven from a torus, which forms after the black hole formation. The explosion energy is up to 10 ^−4 of the mass energy of the supermassive star cores (∼10 ^55 –10 ^56 erg). We find that, even if we increase the rotational angular momentum of the progenitor, the ejecta mass saturates at ∼1% of the total mass of the initial stellar core. The average ejecta velocity also saturates at ≈20% of the speed of light. As a result, the ejecta kinetic energy is approximately proportional to the initial mass of the supermassive star core for the rapidly rotating case. We also perform viscous hydrodynamics simulations to explore the evolution of the remnant torus. Although the viscous heating drives an outflow from the torus, we find that its effect is subdominant in terms of the kinetic energy because of the small velocity (≈0.07 c ) of the ejecta component.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb0b8Supermassive black holesMassive starsGravitational collapse |
| spellingShingle | Sho Fujibayashi Cédric Jockel Kyohei Kawaguchi Yuichiro Sekiguchi Masaru Shibata Powerful Explosions from the Collapse of Rotating Supermassive Stars The Astrophysical Journal Supermassive black holes Massive stars Gravitational collapse |
| title | Powerful Explosions from the Collapse of Rotating Supermassive Stars |
| title_full | Powerful Explosions from the Collapse of Rotating Supermassive Stars |
| title_fullStr | Powerful Explosions from the Collapse of Rotating Supermassive Stars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Powerful Explosions from the Collapse of Rotating Supermassive Stars |
| title_short | Powerful Explosions from the Collapse of Rotating Supermassive Stars |
| title_sort | powerful explosions from the collapse of rotating supermassive stars |
| topic | Supermassive black holes Massive stars Gravitational collapse |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb0b8 |
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