Evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Abstract Chlorhexidine (CHX) is the most commonly used mouthwash with proven antiplaque and antibacterial activity. The aim is to evaluate the effect of vitamin C (VitC) in CHX mouthwash on plaque accumulation and gingivitis, and to compare it with CHX alone mouthwash and antiseptic phenol-containin...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88100-6 |
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| author | Nurdan Ozmeric Ayaz Enver Sila Cagri Isler Ceren Gökmenoğlu Merve Topaloğlu Hilal Selamet Gökçen Altun Selin Aykol Sayar |
| author_facet | Nurdan Ozmeric Ayaz Enver Sila Cagri Isler Ceren Gökmenoğlu Merve Topaloğlu Hilal Selamet Gökçen Altun Selin Aykol Sayar |
| author_sort | Nurdan Ozmeric |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Chlorhexidine (CHX) is the most commonly used mouthwash with proven antiplaque and antibacterial activity. The aim is to evaluate the effect of vitamin C (VitC) in CHX mouthwash on plaque accumulation and gingivitis, and to compare it with CHX alone mouthwash and antiseptic phenol-containing mouthwashes. This study conducted as a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel design clinical study. Sixty patients were included, randomly divided into three groups. 1. Antiseptic phenol agent (P, Phenol), 2. Antiseptic bisbiguanide agent CHX-only (CHX) and 3. Antiseptic bisbiguanide agent CHX + VitC mouthwash (CHX + VitC). The study assessed oral hygiene and periodontal health status, followed by scaling and root planning (SRP) and subsequent polishing. After using the mouthwash for 60 s twice daily along 14 days, patients recalled for evaluation of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and staining. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences formed between groups and Tukey multiple comparison analysis was used to determine groups that showed the differences. Statistical significance was determined using a p-value threshold of 0.05. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding baseline PI, GI and BOP (p > 0.05). Changes at 14th day in PI, GI and BOP in all groups were similar and no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Regarding ‘all surfaces’, staining density of two mouthwashes containing CHX was significantly higher than that of P mouthwash. CHX, CHX + VitC, and P mouthwashes appeared to exhibit comparable effects as oral hygiene adjuncts to periodontal mechanical treatment, with the exception of staining, which was more noticeable in the CHX groups compared to the P group. Adding vitamin C did not enhance the effects of CHx alone. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-022fbdff2f694f3e9395b2276f345986 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-022fbdff2f694f3e9395b2276f3459862025-02-02T12:17:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-011511910.1038/s41598-025-88100-6Evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trialNurdan Ozmeric0Ayaz Enver1Sila Cagri Isler2Ceren Gökmenoğlu3Merve Topaloğlu4Hilal Selamet5Gökçen Altun6Selin Aykol Sayar7Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi UniversityDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi UniversityDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi UniversityDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu UniversityMinistry of Health, Tekirdağ Provincial Health Directorate, Çorlu Oral and Dental Health CenterDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu UniversityDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Bartin UniversityMinistry of Health, Ankara Ottoman Oral and Dental Health CenterAbstract Chlorhexidine (CHX) is the most commonly used mouthwash with proven antiplaque and antibacterial activity. The aim is to evaluate the effect of vitamin C (VitC) in CHX mouthwash on plaque accumulation and gingivitis, and to compare it with CHX alone mouthwash and antiseptic phenol-containing mouthwashes. This study conducted as a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel design clinical study. Sixty patients were included, randomly divided into three groups. 1. Antiseptic phenol agent (P, Phenol), 2. Antiseptic bisbiguanide agent CHX-only (CHX) and 3. Antiseptic bisbiguanide agent CHX + VitC mouthwash (CHX + VitC). The study assessed oral hygiene and periodontal health status, followed by scaling and root planning (SRP) and subsequent polishing. After using the mouthwash for 60 s twice daily along 14 days, patients recalled for evaluation of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and staining. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences formed between groups and Tukey multiple comparison analysis was used to determine groups that showed the differences. Statistical significance was determined using a p-value threshold of 0.05. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding baseline PI, GI and BOP (p > 0.05). Changes at 14th day in PI, GI and BOP in all groups were similar and no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Regarding ‘all surfaces’, staining density of two mouthwashes containing CHX was significantly higher than that of P mouthwash. CHX, CHX + VitC, and P mouthwashes appeared to exhibit comparable effects as oral hygiene adjuncts to periodontal mechanical treatment, with the exception of staining, which was more noticeable in the CHX groups compared to the P group. Adding vitamin C did not enhance the effects of CHx alone.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88100-6GingivitisDental plaquePhenolVitamin C |
| spellingShingle | Nurdan Ozmeric Ayaz Enver Sila Cagri Isler Ceren Gökmenoğlu Merve Topaloğlu Hilal Selamet Gökçen Altun Selin Aykol Sayar Evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial Scientific Reports Gingivitis Dental plaque Phenol Vitamin C |
| title | Evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial |
| title_full | Evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial |
| title_short | Evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial |
| title_sort | evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non surgical periodontal therapy a randomized controlled clinical trial |
| topic | Gingivitis Dental plaque Phenol Vitamin C |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88100-6 |
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