Amplitude Scintillation Severity and Fading Profiles Under Alignment Between GPS Propagation Paths and Equatorial Plasma Bubbles by J. Sousasantos, B. J. Affonso, A. Moraes, F. S. Rodrigues, M. A. Abdu, L. A. Salles, B. C. Vani

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Observations of Unusual Daytime Range Spread F at Middle Latitude During the Afternoon Hours by Lehui Wei, Chunhua Jiang, Ting Lan, Wenxuan Wang, Hua Shen, Ercha Aa, Wengeng Huang, Jing Liu, Guobin Yang, Yaogai Hu, Zhengyu Zhao

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Drag‐Based CME Modeling With Heliospheric Images Incorporating Frontal Deformation: ELEvoHI 2.0 by Jürgen Hinterreiter, Tanja Amerstorfer, Manuela Temmer, Martin A. Reiss, Andreas J. Weiss, Christian Möstl, Luke A. Barnard, Jens Pomoell, Maike Bauer, Ute V. Amerstorfer

“…As a consequence, accurate arrival time and arrival speed forecasts are an unsolved problem in space weather research. In this study, we present the ELlipse Evolution model based on HI observations (ELEvoHI) and introduce a deformable front to this model. …”
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Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling Rate by Michael D. Hartinger, Xueling Shi, Craig J. Rodger, Ikuko Fujii, E. Joshua Rigler, Karl Kappler, Jürgen Matzka, Jeffrey J. Love, Joseph B. H. Baker, Daniel H. Mac Manus, Michael Dalzell, Tanja Petersen

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Quantifying the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Radiation Belt Electrons Scattered by Lower Band Chorus Waves: An Integrated Model by Weixin Chen, Song Fu, Xin Ma, Binbin Ni, Deyu Guo, Qiongyue Zhang, Xiangyuan Tong, Yibo Zhao, Xing Cao, Zheng Xiang, Yuan Lei

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Medium Energy Electron Flux in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt (MERLIN): A Machine Learning Model by A. G. Smirnov, M. Berrendorf, Y. Y. Shprits, E. A. Kronberg, H. J. Allison, N. A. Aseev, I. S. Zhelavskaya, S. K. Morley, G. D. Reeves, M. R. Carver, F. Effenberger

“…The MERLIN model can have wide space weather applications, providing information for the scientific community in the form of radiation belts reconstructions, as well as industry for satellite mission design, nowcast of the MEO environment, and surface charging analysis.…”
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Galactic Cosmic Radiation in the Interplanetary Space Through a Modern Secular Minimum by F. Rahmanifard, W. C. deWet, N. A. Schwadron, M. J. Owens, A. P. Jordan, J. K. Wilson, C. J. Joyce, H. E. Spence, C. W. Smith, L. W. Townsend

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Forecasting GOES 15 >2 MeV Electron Fluxes From Solar Wind Data and Geomagnetic Indices by C. Forsyth, C. E. J. Watt, M. K. Mooney, I. J. Rae, S. D. Walton, R. B. Horne

“…Abstract The flux of > 2 MeV electrons at geosynchronous orbit is used by space weather forecasters as a key indicator of enhanced risk of damage to spacecraft in low, medium, or geosynchronous Earth orbits. …”
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An Adaptive X‐Ray Dynamic Image Estimation Method Based on OMNI Solar Wind Parameters and SXI Simulated Observations by R. C. Wang, Anders M. Jorgensen, Dalin Li, Tianran Sun, Zhen Yang, Xiaodong Peng

“…In conclusion, our study presents a new approach to soft X‐ray image estimation based on neural networks, providing insights into magnetospheric dynamics as observed in soft X‐rays.…”
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Very High Energy Solar Energetic Particle Events and Ground Level Enhancement Events: Forecasting and Alerts by N. Crosby, H. Mavromichalaki, O. Malandraki, M. Gerontidou, M. Karavolos, D. Lingri, P. Makrantoni, M. Papailiou, P. Paschalis, A. Tezari

“…These two products are fully integrated as federated products on the ESA SWE Portal and are provided as part of the ESA Space Safety Program Space Weather Service Network. In this paper we present how the products were built, provide examples of their outputs as seen on the ESA SWE Portal, and show how the products complement each other and how using them together can in some instances provide more information for users of these services.…”
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NARX Neural Network Derivations of the Outer Boundary Radiation Belt Electron Flux by D. A. Landis, A. A. Saikin, I. Zhelavskaya, A. Y. Drozdov, N. Aseev, Y. Y. Shprits, M. F. Pfitzer, A. G. Smirnov

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Tests of a New Solar Flare Model Against D and E Region Ionosphere Data by David E. Siskind, McArthur Jones Jr., Jeffrey W. Reep, Doug P. Drob, Srimoyee Samaddar, Scott M. Bailey, Shun‐Rong Zhang

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Storm‐Time Modeling of the African Regional Ionospheric Total Electron Content Using Artificial Neural Networks by Daniel Okoh, John Bosco Habarulema, Babatunde Rabiu, Gopi Seemala, Joshua Benjamin Wisdom, Joseph Olwendo, Olivier Obrou, Tshimangadzo Merline Matamba

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Ground‐Based GNSS and C/NOFS Observations of Ionospheric Irregularities Over Africa: A Case Study of the 2013 St. Patrick’s Day Geomagnetic Storm by P. O. Amaechi, E. O. Oyeyemi, A. O. Akala, H. E. Messanga, S. K. Panda, Gopi K. Seemala, J. O. Oyedokun, R. Fleury, C. Amory‐Mazaudier

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Investigating the Effects of Ionospheric Scintillation on Multi‐Frequency BDS‐2/BDS‐3 Signals at Low Latitudes by Hang Liu, Xiaodong Ren, Xiaohong Zhang, Dengkui Mei, Pengxin Yang

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Impact of Thermospheric Mass Density on the Orbit Prediction of LEO Satellites by Changyong He, Yang Yang, Brett Carter, Kefei Zhang, Andong Hu, Wang Li, Florent Deleflie, Robert Norman, Suqin Wu

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Assessing Thermospheric Neutral Density Models Using GEODYN's Precision Orbit Determination by Z. C. Waldron, K. Garcia‐Sage, J. P. Thayer, E. K. Sutton, V. Ray, D. D. Rowlands, F. G. Lemoine, S. B. Luthcke, M. Kuznetsova, R. Ringuette, L. Rastaetter, G. D. Berland

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Ionospheric F‐Layer Scintillation Variabilities Over the American Sector During Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events by Hailun Ye, Xianghui Xue, Tao Yu, Yang‐Yi Sun, Wen Yi, Chi Long, Weifan Zhang, Xiankang Dou

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Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Different‐Scale Ionospheric Irregularities in Central and East Siberia During the 27–28 May 2017 Geomagnetic Storm by V. B. Ovodenko, M. V. Klimenko, I. E. Zakharenkova, A. V. Oinats, D. S. Kotova, A. V. Nikolaev, I. V. Tyutin, D. D. Rogov, K. G. Ratovsky, D. V. Chugunin, P. A. Budnikov, J. C. Coxon, B. J. Anderson, A. A. Chernyshov

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Modeling TEC Maps Over China Using Particle Swarm Optimization Neural Networks and Long‐Term Ground‐Based GPS, COSMIC, and Fengyun Data by Shuangshuang Shi, Kefei Zhang, Jiaqi Shi, Andong Hu, Dongsheng Zhao, Zhongchao Shi, Peng Sun, Huajing Wu, Suqin Wu

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