Change In Nitrogen Dioxide (No2 ) Concentration Due To The Lockdown Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic In India by Zubairul Islam, Sudhir Kumar Singh, Saroj Ahirwar

“…The z-score (24.11) was obtained from spatial autocorrelation. It indicates that residuals are highly clustered and there is less than a 1% likelihood that this clustered pattern could be a result of a random chance. …”
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Diatom Frustule-Inspired Bridges: A Fusion of Art, Architecture and Mechanical Design by Mukunda Adhikari, Parvez Alam

“…We take a bioinspired approach to bridge design by computationally imitating and integrating the complex geometrical pattern of diatom frustules into the bridge design. …”
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Assessment of the impacts of rapid Marine Heatwaves and cumulative thermal stress on cold-water upwelling coral refugia by Po-Chun Hsu, Rose Angeli Tabanao Macagga, Roshin P. Raj

“…Historically, bleaching events were linked to strong El Niño transitioning to strong La Niña conditions during the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation; however, recent sustained global ocean warming has masked this pattern. Periodic cooling due to upwelling in these habitats is not fully captured by the CoralTemp dataset due to smoothing and low spatial resolution. …”
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Evaluation and Projection of Precipitation and Precipitation Extremes in the Source Region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers Based on CMIP6 Model Optimization and Statistical Downsc... by Rouke Li, Jia Wu, Ying Xu

“…The GCMs captured the general precipitation pattern, but the results indicated systematic overestimations, particularly in eastern parts of the region, with deviations reaching 304.8% for winter. …”
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Investigation of Black Carbon Wet Deposition to the United States from National Atmospheric Deposition Network Samples by Piyaporn Sricharoenvech, Ross Edwards, Müge Yaşar, David Gay, James J. Schauer

“…Associated BC wet deposition fluxes ranged from near zero to 9.1 g ha−1 wk−1, with a median of 0.87 g ha−1 wk−1. An analysis of the spatial variability indicated a pattern of higher BC deposition through the central United States consistent with BC transport from biomass burning during the sampling period.…”
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Coupling and Coordination Between Water Poverty and High-quality Economic Development in Yellow River Basin by Wang Shuhe, Wang Lijun

“…[Results] ① The water poverty index of the provinces in the Yellow River basin generally increased over time, and the level of high-quality economic development was generally low, with obvious regional differences. ② The degree of coupling coordination showed a fluctuating upward trend, with a general spatial distribution pattern of “high in the east and low in the west”. ③ The gray correlation coefficients between the indicators of the two systems of water poverty and high-quality economic development were both greater than 0.5, which was in a relatively high level of correlation. …”
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Replay-Based Incremental Learning Framework for Gesture Recognition Overcoming the Time-Varying Characteristics of sEMG Signals by Xingguo Zhang, Tengfei Li, Maoxun Sun, Lei Zhang, Cheng Zhang, Yue Zhang

“…This study also investigates the use of the incremental learning of action classes, achieving an average recognition rate of 88.6%, which facilitates the supplementation of action types according to the demand, and further improves the application value of the action pattern recognition technology based on sEMG signals.…”
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Epsilon negative dynamic coded THz metamaterial beamformer for digital information encryption by Eistiak Ahamed, Rasool Keshavarz, Negin Shariati

“…Primarily leveraging the synchronized combination phase and epsilon as the key design parameters for the metamaterial array, the beamforming pattern enables beam steering within the angular range of $$\:+30^\circ\:$$ to $$\:-30^\circ\:$$ . …”
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Timescales of Birkeland Currents Driven by the IMF by John C. Coxon, Robert M. Shore, Mervyn P. Freeman, Robert C. Fear, Stephen D. Browett, Andrew W. Smith, Daniel K. Whiter, Brian J. Anderson

“…The patterns of maximum correlation contain large‐scale structures consistent with the literature. …”
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Species assemblages and their drivers differ between trees and lianas in a seasonal evergreen forest in Thailand by Wirong Chanthorn, Thorsten Wiegand, Anuttara Nathalang, Rajapandian Kanagaraj, Stuart Davies, Zhenhua Sun, Nitin K. Tripathi, Maxime Réjou‐Méchain, Warren Y. Brockelman

“…We asked (1) What are the spatial patterns and environmental drivers of local tree and liana species assemblages? …”
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Characterization of Pore Water Flow in 3‐D Heterogeneous Permeability Fields by Xiaolong Geng, Michel C. Boufadel, Kenneth Lee, Chunjiang An

“…The structures exhibit scale‐invariant features in multifractal fields and in stationary fields below the correlation scale, indicating that such vortex flow might be widely present with no characteristic scale. Complex spatial patterns of kinetic energy dissipation rate are identified for pore water flowing through heterogeneous porous media and correlate strongly with preferential flows. …”
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Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Desertification Sensitivity During Urbanization: A Case Study of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Core Region by Deshen Xu, Haoyu Wu, Qiusheng Yao, Fei Song, Fangli Su

“…Key recommendations include optimizing urban spatial patterns via ecological red lines, prioritizing vegetation restoration in high-sensitivity zones, and establishing dynamic remote sensing-based monitoring systems. …”
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New Approach for Evaluation of a Watershed Ecosystem Service for Avoiding Reservoir Sedimentation and Its Economic Value: A Case Study from Ertan Reservoir in Yalong River, China by Bilige Sude, Wu Nan, Gao Ji-Xi, Zhang Chen, Ge Jing, Ennaanay Driss

“…The sediment retention coefficient of different land cover types were used to simulate the spatial patterns of the annual quantity of the sediment that were prevented from entering the reservoir by the vegetation in each cell followed the flow path in watershed. …”
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Optimizing Speech Emotion Recognition with Hilbert Curve and convolutional neural network by Zijun Yang, Shi Zhou, Lifeng Zhang, Seiichi Serikawa

“…Traditional one-dimensional time series classification falls short in expressing intricate emotional patterns present in speech signals, posing challenges in accuracy and robustness. …”
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Bayesian generalized dissimilarity model for marine biodiversity analysis by Evellin Dewi Lusiana, Suci Astutik, Nurjannah, Abu Bakar Sambah

“…It was further applied to analyze the marine biodiversity patterns in the Lesser Sunda Islands to show more robust responses to environmental gradients compared to GDM and BBGDM.…”
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The Influence of Meltwater on Phytoplankton Blooms Near the Sea‐Ice Edge by C. W. Lester, T. J. W. Wagner, Dylan E. McNamara, M. R. Cape

“…Our findings support the idea that sea‐ice meltwater is of central importance in setting the spatial patterns of Arctic phytoplankton blooms.…”
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The impact of rural settlement expansion on educational accessibility: a patch-scale study based on 2867 Chinese counties from 2000 to 2020 by Yuan Gao, Li Tian, Zhibin Li, Yiheng Wang, An Huang, Qingsong He

“…However, the outlying-style development pattern has a spatially differentiated impact on accessibility, with a significant inhibitory effect observed in some northeastern and northwestern counties. …”
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Integrating Spatiotemporal and Travel-Related Information for Accurate Urban Passenger Profiling Using GANs by Xiaoqi Duan, Jianbing Yang, Sha Yu, Youliang Tian

“…The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately captures passengers’ travel patterns in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, offering technical support for urban transportation planning.…”
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Innovative deep learning classifiers for breast cancer detection through hybrid feature extraction techniques by S. Vijayalakshmi, Binay Kumar Pandey, Digvijay Pandey, Mesfin Esayas Lelisho

“…These features are input into a 2D BiLSTM-CNN model designed to learn spatial and sequential patterns in mammogram images. …”
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Video-Based Plastic Bag Grabbing Action Recognition: A New Video Dataset and a Comparative Study of Baseline Models by Pei Jing Low, Bo Yan Ng, Nur Insyirah Mahzan, Jing Tian, Cheung-Chi Leung

“…The second approach leverages a multiple-frame <i>convolutional neural network</i> (CNN) to exploit temporal and spatial patterns in the video data. The third approach explores a 3D CNN-based deep learning model, which is capable of processing video data as volumetric inputs. …”
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