The Impact of Earning Smoothing through Real Activities and its Components on Labor Force Investment Efficiency by Batool Ismael Hasan, Mehdi Heydari, Hamzeh Didar

“…Furthermore, this research adopts a descriptive-correlational approach, aiming to explore and analyze the relationships between variables under study. …”
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Otoritas Kufah Asy-Sya‘bī dan Konstruksi Sanad: Kritik terhadap Pendekatan Joseph Schacht dalam Studi Hadis Tabi‘in by Fahmi Riady, Abdul Karim

“…This research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach, utilizing documentary analysis and historical-critical methods on both primary and secondary sources. …”
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From warehouse to ward: applying implementation research methods to the device identification, qualification, distribution, and management process within the Newborn Essential Solu... by Kylie Dougherty, Rebecca P. Kirby, Katerina Claud, Kara M. Palamountain, Elizabeth Asma, Millicent Alooh, Danica Kumara, Vince Gate, Ali Khalid, George Banda, Hope David Peter, Charles Osuagwu, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Z. Maria Oden, Christine A. Bohne, Lisa R. Hirschhorn

“…We applied deductive content analysis for interviews and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. Results were used to develop an implementation research logic model (IRLM) using NEST360 and United Nations Children’s Fund SSNC Implementation Toolkit for contextual factors and the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework for implementation outcomes. …”
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Explaining the Comprehensive Human-To-Human Marketig System in the Health Tourism Industry by Ali Pourang, Meysam Shirkhodaie, Mahmood Yahyazadeh far, Mohsen Alizadeh San, Masoomeh Tavangar

“…To ensure trustworthiness, the study employed continuous data review, simultaneous data collection and analysis, participant code validation, and triangulation with secondary sources. The resulting framework was validated by experts, ensuring robustness and applicability to Iran’s health tourism context. 4. …”
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Political Order and Nomadic Life in Iran: From the Afsharid Period to the End of the Qajar Dynasty by Shahram Gholami, Siavash Gholipour

“…The methodology utilized in this study was descriptive-analytical, employing documentary data collection techniques. …”
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A Guideline for the Evolution of Quantitative Accounting Research in Iran: Shifting from Local to International Scientific Patterns by Fakhroddin MohammadRezaei

“…When selecting the theoretical framework and foundational theories, one must choose a theory that offers the highest explanatory and predictive power based on the research setting, rather than merely replicating foreign studies. …”
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Street dance redefined: a bridge across the knowledge gap by Xi Ling

“…Data extraction focused on terminological usage, style descriptions, and reported sources of conceptual divergence.ResultsThe review revealed wide variability in definitions and style classifications across the literature. …”
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Research on the Coupled Representation of Model and Data Integration Guided by Metadata Sets by Y. Li, L. Huo, W. Zhu, P. Bao, M. Zhang, B. Li

“…First of all, this method classifies the model and data features, and constructs the metadata description and expression framework dominated by feature meta-components; then, establishes metadata sets through the expansion of the metadata description and expression framework; then, constructs the correlation between the model and the data through the use of the established metadata sets by means of the component-based encapsulation method, so as to complete the integrated coupling of the model and the data; and finally, realises the integrated coupling expression of the model and the data in the digital pipeline business system. …”
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Identification and Evaluation of Indicators of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Policymaking from the Perspective of Experts by Esmaeil Shirali

“…Purpose: Considering that in most countries there is a strong desire to create strong systems of science, technology, and innovation for sustainable economic growth, the presence of such a system can enhance the competitiveness of nations within the global trade framework. One of the primary focus for developing policies in science, technology, and innovation is the accurate compilation of relevant indicators in this field.Methodology: This research was conducted using the Delphi method, which is characterized as exploratory-descriptive in both purpose and nature. …”
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Application of machine learning in early childhood development research: a scoping review by Akbar K Waljee, Amina Abubakar, Patrick N Mwangala, Faith Neema Benson, Daisy Chelangat, Willie Brink, Cheryl A Moyer

“…The review focuses on applied ML techniques, data types, feature sets, outcomes, data splitting and validation strategies, model performance, model explainability, key themes, clinical relevance and reported limitations.Design Scoping review using the Arksey and O‘Malley framework with enhancements by Levac et al.Data sources A systematic search was conducted on 16 June 2024 across PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore and PsycINFO, supplemented by grey literature (OpenGrey) and reference hand-searching. …”
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Visual Commonsense Causal Reasoning From a Still Image by Xiaojing Wu, Rui Guo, Qin Li, Ning Zhu

“…Previous work on commonsense causal reasoning (CCR) aimed at understanding general causal dependencies among common events in natural language descriptions. However, in real-world scenarios, CCR is fundamentally a multisensory task and is more susceptible to spurious correlations, given that commonsense causal relationships manifest in various modalities and involve multiple sources of confounders. …”
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Identification of Suitable Villages for Agritourism Development (A Case Study of Semirom County) by Narges Vazin, Ali Sadeghi, Zahra Barati

“…One of the key challenges in locating suitable areas for agritourism development is providing a framework and appropriate techniques for evaluating the suitability of a location for this type of tourism. …”
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Investigating the relationship between human capital and innovation with the mediating role of knowledge sharing and social media networking in iranian creative companies by Hashem Atapour, Afshin Hamdipour, Sahar Safipour

“…The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software, facilitating both descriptive and path analysis.Findings: The descriptive analysis revealed that the research data adhered to normal distribution parameters. …”
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HARMONIZING INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS THROUGH THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MODERN STATE by Siti Sumartini, Tri Setiady

“…This depends on the balance of established sources such as treaties and customary practices. …”
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Influence of Government Media Regulations on Audience Perception of News Credibility in Nigeria by Abdulrahman Ali Kolawole

“…Data were collected on audience demographics, frequency of news consumption, perception of news credibility, exposure to government media regulations, and trust in media sources. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyse the data. …”
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Family-Centered Early Childhood Intervention in Kosovo: Perceptions of Parents by Gyltene Retkoceri Hoxha, Aleksandra Karovska Ristovska

“…Drawing upon the evolution of ECI frameworks since the 1970s, the research highlights the significance of family-centered practices as a primary approach in ECI, as endorsed by the Division for Early Childhood (DEC). …”
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Graphical representation of global water models by H. Müller Schmied, H. Müller Schmied, S. N. Gosling, M. Garnsworthy, L. Müller, C.-E. Telteu, A. K. Ahmed, L. S. Andersen, J. Boulange, P. Burek, J. Chang, H. Chen, L. Gudmundsson, M. Grillakis, L. Guillaumot, N. Hanasaki, A. Koutroulis, R. Kumar, G. Leng, J. Liu, J. Liu, J. Liu, X. Liu, I. Menke, I. Menke, V. Mishra, V. Mishra, Y. Pokhrel, O. Rakovec, O. Rakovec, L. Samaniego, L. Samaniego, Y. Satoh, H. L. Shah, M. Smilovic, T. Stacke, E. Sutanudjaja, W. Thiery, A. Tsilimigkras, Y. Wada, N. Wanders, T. Yokohata

“…Whilst global water modeling is an area of science that has developed over several decades, and individual model-specific descriptions exist for some models, there has to date been no attempt to visualize the ways that several models work, using a standardized visualization framework. …”
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Creating new labour market qualifications in connection with information about professions by Edyta Migałka, Radosław Panas

“…The article presents the key sources of applications developed by VCC Foundation for registering market qualifications in the Polish National System of Qualifications. …”
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Patient and public involvement in academic clinical research in Switzerland – a mixed methods study by Deborah Eberle, Annina Baur, Cordula Landgraf, Joëlle Roos, Regina Grossmann

“…CONCLUSION: The current framework for PPI in Switzerland is in an early stage of development. …”
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Multimodal approach to public health interventions using EGG and mobile health technologies by Xiao Zhang, Han Liu, Mingyang Sun, Shuangyi Feng

“…IntroductionPublic health interventions increasingly integrate multimodal data sources, such as Electroencephalogram (EEG) data, to enhance monitoring and predictive capabilities for mental health conditions. …”
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