The metamorphosis of semi-classical mechanisms of confinement: from monopoles on ℝ 3 × S 1 to center-vortices on ℝ 2 × T 2 by Canberk Güvendik, Thomas Schaefer, Mithat Ünsal

“…This result shows how monopoles transmute into center-vortices, and suggests adiabatic continuity between the two confinement mechanisms. The basic mechanism is flux fractionalization: the magnetic flux of the monopoles splits up and is collimated in such a way that 2d Wilson loops detect it as a center vortex.…”
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Signal denoising based on the Schrödinger operator's eigenspectrum and a curvature constraint by P. Li, T.M. Laleg‐Kirati

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