Effect of iron rust on color layer and structural integrity of historical oil paintings by Niazy Mostafa Mohamed, Ezz Arabi Orabi, Abdullah A. Alamri, Abadi M. Mashlawi, A. El-Shabasy, Thanaa Ali Abo Taleb

Subjects: “…Iron rust…”
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Silicate coprecipitation reduces green rust crystal size and limits dissolution-precipitation during air oxidation by Aaron R. Betts, Matthew H. H. Fischel, Anna Evers, Ryan Tappero, Donald L. Sparks

“…Abstract Green rusts (GR) are mixed-valence iron (Fe) hydroxides which form in reducing redox environments like riparian and wetland soils and shallow groundwater. …”
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Enhancing Trichoderma efficacy in managing wheat stem rust disease and boosting production through the application of certain chemical inducers by Hany H. A. El-Sharkawy, Nada A. Mostafa, Safaa A. M. Yousef, Salama A. S. El-Blasy, Osama Abd El Badeea

“…Abstract Background Wheat stem rust (WSR), caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), represents a significant threat to global wheat production. …”
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Synergistic Corrosion Inhibition Effect of AMT/Na₂MoO₄/EDTA Organic-Inorganic System on Rusted Bronzes by JIANG Lan, HE Tianyi, DONG Wenqiang, XIA Qixing

“…In order to improve the corrosion resistance of rusted bronze ware，2-amino-5-mercapto-1，3，4-thiadiazole (AMT)，sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (C10H14N2Na2O8， EDTA) were utilized to perform corrosion inhibition treatment on rusted bronze samples.The effect of corrosion inhibitors on the corrosion resistance of rusted bronzes was studied through SEM， XRD， infrared spectrum and electrochemical methods，and the synergistic corrosion inhibition mechanism on the rusted layer of bronze ware were explored.Results showed that the main components of the rusted bronzes were harmful rusts such as CuCl， Cu2(OH)3Cl， and the macroscopic appearance was light green.After AMT/Na2MoO4/EDTA corrosion inhibition treatment，the macroscopic color of the rust layer remained basically unchanged， the roughness decreased， and the microstructure became denser.In addition， the corrosion resistance of samples after corrosion inhibition treatment was greatly improved， with a decrease of 1～2 orders of magnitude in corrosion current density.The composite treatment effect of AMT and Na2MoO4 prevented the continuous corrosion of rusted bronze samples.EDTA could remove unstable components in rusted bronzes，improve the overall density of the rust layer， and thereby enhance the corrosion-inhibition effect on the rusted bronzes effectively.…”
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Rust inhibition mechanism of reinforced concrete by alcohol-amine corrosion inhibitor under the coupling of composite salt erosion, freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet cycle by Jiaqi Liu, Meiyan Hang, Minghui Jiang, Hongbin Song

“…In this study, reinforced concrete without ACI and with 0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 % ACI, respectively, were placed into a 10 % composite salt solution for coupling test of freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet cycle. The rust resistance and CSE-FDC resistance of ACI were studied by macroscopic tests (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and dynamic electrode potential curve (DPP), mechanical properties and mass loss), and the influence of ACI on the pore structure of reinforced concrete and the micro-morphology of steel surface was studied by microscopic tests (pore spacing parameters, electron microscope scanning (SEM) and X-ray energy spectrum (EDS)).The findings revealed that the CSE-FDC resistance of reinforced concrete with 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 % ACI increased by 51.62 %, 66.73 % and 32.82 %, respectively, and the porosity decreased by 50.10 %, 69.10 %, and 23.57 %, respectively, compared with reference specimens. …”
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Enhancing the control of fungal diseases in Ficus carica L. using Zn–Se nanocomposites by Sana Naveed, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Sajid Hussain, Amna Mushtaq, Noorah AlKubaisi

“…Fig rust attacks the leaves and accounts for 100 % of crop infections. …”
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Study on the Performance of Green Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor Based on Pelargonic Acid Compound by WANG Jia, LIU Xinyue, LU Lixin

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Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviors of 17 - 4PH Stainless Steel in Different Concentrations of HCl Solutions by CHENG Jian - guo, LIU Zhen, ZHAO Shi - guang, PAN Ai - sheng, JIAN Ji, SI Ting - zhi

“…Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy spectrum (EDX) and X - ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy (XPS) and other technologies were employed to study the mechanism of the rust layer on corrosion behavior. …”
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Evaluation of Corrosion Behaviour of Galvanised, Galvalume and Colour-Coated Steel Sheets by M. Yadav, J.K. Saha, S.K. Ghosh

“…Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of ZnO, β-FeOOH, white rust, green rust, FeCl2, Fe3O4, FeOH, Fe2O3 and δ-FeOH for salt spray tested samples, but for 100% humidity test, only ZnO is revealed.…”
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The Effects of Alloying Elements on the Corrosion of Rebar Steel in a Chloride Environment by Jing Yuan, Pei Li, Huanhuan Zhang, Shubiao Yin, Mingli Xu, Akun Zhou

“…The inner rust layer of the rebar formed more stable chromic acid with ionic compounds, reducing corrosion sensitivity. …”
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Microstructure and Performance of Mechanically Plated Zn-Ti Composite Coating by ZHANG Jun, WANG Sheng-min, ZHAO Xiao-jun

“…In order to obtain mechanical plating with better corrosion resistance, zinc powder and titanium powder were mixed in a mass ratio of 15∶11 to make the Zn-Ti composite coating on the surface of the steel body by mechanical plating.Ammonium bifluoride was used as the activator of titanium powder particles; stannous sulfate guided the deposition and acted as the filling material on the connection between zinc powder particles and titanium powder particles; EDTA, urotropine and OP-10 were used for chelating deposition to form a plating layer.Metallographic microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM)were used to analyze the morphology and microstructure of the coating.Scribing the coating to check whether the coating was warped or peeled.Electrochemical method and neutral salt spray test were used to detect the electrochemical performance and corrosion status of the coating.Results showed that the Zn-Ti composite coating had complete coverage, the surface was rough.The coating firmly adhered to the substrate well.The particles in the coating combined well.Zinc powder and titanium powder were inlaid and stacked.Metal tin mainly connected between the coating and the substrate and among the particles.The self-corrosion potential Em of the composite coating was-1 096 mV, and that of the zinc coating was-1 240 mV.The polarization resistance of the composite coating was 7.07 Ω·cm2, and that of the galvanized layer was 5.11 Ω·cm2.In the salt spray test of 720 h, the red rust area of the composite coating was about 15% of the zinc coating.The metal particles of the coating were mechanically bonded.The metal tin boundary was clearly observed between the coating and the substrate and among the metal particles.There was no alloy transition of the coating, and the dense plating particles were conducive to the improvement of corrosion resistance.In the salt spray experiment, the composite coating had less white rust and red rust than the zinc coating, and intact and compact white rust can slow substrate corrosion.…”
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Microbiologically influenced corrosion in uncoated and coated Mild Steel by Sheikh Idrees Ali, Sheikh Nazir Ahmad

“…Various forms of rust were ascertained in XRD analysis. The inclusion of Zn and Cu inhibited bacterial attachment to the coated surface, hence preventing significant corrosion of the underlying substrate. …”
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Efficacy of different Conidial concentrations, fungal Filtrations and silver nanoparticles Mycosynthesis using two isolates of Metarhizium anisoplae against Two Stored-grain Insect... by Battol Qasem Kteo, Akram Ali Mohammed, Hanaa H. Al-Saffar

“… The current study examined the effectiveness of conidial concentration, fungal filtrate of M. anisoplae, and biologically manufactured silver nanoparticles in preventing infection by the rust-red flour beetle and the hairy grain beetle in flour sacks and jute bags. …”
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Analysis of Acid Salt Spray Corrosion Process and Mechanism of Antique Cast Iron by WANG Qiang, WEI Cheng, NIU Wenjuan, QIAN Runling

“…Corrosion causes severe damage to iron-based cultural relics.Studying the corrosion process of simulated antique cast iron (as a representative of such relics) holds significant importance for revealing the corrosion mechanisms of iron artifacts.In this work, the surface morphology and corrosion products of cast iron specimens after different durations of salt spray corrosion were characterized and analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS).Results showed that after 24 h of acid salt spray corrosion, corrosion pits began to form on the cast iron specimen surface.Following 72 h of exposure,microcracks developed on the surface,creating accelerated corrosion channels that led to generalized corrosion.After 192 h corrosion, the corrosion rate stabilized at a final constant rate of 1.2 g/(cm2∙h).After 240 h of corrosion, the cast iron specimen surface exhibited severe unevenness with a roughness of 8.25 μm, and the corrosion products darkened in color, with partial exfoliation of rust layers observed.With prolonged corrosion time, the O content exhibited an increasing trend, while the Fe content showed a decreasing trend.The final corrosion products were identified as α-Fe2O3, γ-FeOOH, Fe3O4 and α-FeOOH.In the acid salt spray environment, the cast iron specimen underwent surface oxidation during the initial corrosion stage.Moreover, the corrosive solution penetrated through pores to attack the substrate, generating internal stress, and cracks appeared in the surface rust layer accompanied by spallation, leading to micro-galvanic corrosion on the substrate surface.…”
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Research on Inhibiting Performance of Compound Corrosion Inhibitors Based on Nitrite by Bing Yi, Jianmin Wang, Liyu Feng, Yilin Song, Junzhe Liu, Haibin Shu

“…To solve rebar corrosion in existing concrete structures, two test methods, adding corrosion inhibitors into concrete and applying corrosion inhibitors on the existing concrete surface by brushing and pouring and composite repair, combined with natural potential, XRD and SEM, were used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of nitrite-based compound corrosion inhibitors. …”
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Towards novel adsorptive nanomaterials: Synthesis of Co2+Mo6+ LDH for sulfur and aromatic removal from crude petrolatum by Mohsen S. Mostafa, Nermen H. Mohamed

“…This leads to isolation of microcrystalline waxes from petroleum wastes which used as a lubricant, rust preventive, in the manufacture of cosmetics, and in medicine as a protective dressing, emollient, and in a lot of industrial applications.…”
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Effect of Rare Earth Content on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of HRB400 Steel by Chen　Hao, Sun　Yibin, Xie　Qingmin, Liu　Xiaolong, Zhang　Cunshuai, Peng　Zhixian, Cheng　Zhaoyang, Liu　Jing

“…The effect of rare earth addition on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of corrosion resistant steel was studied by means of electrochemical workstation， X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results show that rare earth elements refine the grain size and promote the transformation of MnS and Al2O3 ·SiO2 composite inclusions with long and irregular shape into spherical inclusions （Ce，La） 2O2S with smaller size and more regular shape. …”
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Interaction of Polyaniline with Surface of Carbon Steel by Maria P. Sokolova, Michael A. Smirnov, Igor A. Kasatkin, Ivan Yu. Dmitriev, Natalia N. Saprykina, Alexander M. Toikka, Erkki Lahderanta, Galina K. Elyashevich

“…Additionally, barrier activity of dedoped polyaniline was studied with SEM, WAXD, and electrochemical methods.…”
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Study on Composite Anti - Corrosion Technology of Infiltration Passivation and Sealing for Auxiliary Steel Structure of Concrete Bridge by WANG Tao, DU Cun - shan, ZHU He - quan, SHI Zhen - ping, NAN Yang, JIA Heng - qiong

“…After salt spray test of 1 200 h, no red rust was found on the sample surface. The corrosion resistance and the aging - resistant performance of the sample could be improved by sealing the samples with the water - based one - component baking paint. …”
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Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Iron Oxyhydroxide Coatings on Weathering Steel Surfaces by YUE Zengwu, LI Xiaoyu, ZHANG Zhenyue, YANG Dongxu, YUE Heng

“…To improve the corrosion resistance of weathering steel in the atmosphere，two types of iron oxyhydroxide coatings，α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH，were respectively prepared on weathering steel using a combined method of hydrolysis and ultrasonic deposition.Microscopic morphology analysis (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were performed on the coatings.Outdoor atmospheric exposure tests were conducted using three types of specimens: shot-peened only，shot-peened with a prefabricated α-FeOOH coating，and shot-peened with a prefabricated γ-FeOOH coating.The maximum test duration was 4.55 a.Corrosion kinetics test，cross-sectional morphology analysis，X-ray diffraction analysis，open-circuit potential (OCP) test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test were carried out on the retrieved specimens.Results showed that the prefabricated coatings consisted solely of either α-FeOOH or γ-FeOOH.After the outdoor exposure test，corrosion kinetics measurements indicated that the specimen with the prefabricated α-FeOOH coating exhibited the least thickness reduction.Crosssectional morphological analysis revealed that the specimens with prefabricated coatings developed more compact corrosion layers.XRD analysis demonstrated that the corrosion layer on the specimen with the prefabricated α-FeOOH coating contained the highest proportion of α-FeOOH.Electrochemical tests confirmed that the specimen with the prefabricated α-FeOOH coating exhibited the highest OCP and the greatest rust-layer resistance.In summary，the prepared α-FeOOH coating can promote the formation of corrosion products with the same crystal structure，and improve the corrosion resistance of weathering steel.…”
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