Experimental and statistical analysis of CRDI diesel engine powered with carbon black infused nano dairy scum biodiesel blends by Susheel kumar Bijapure, Basavaraj Shrigiri, N.R. Banapurmath, T.M. Yunus Khan, Ashok M. Sajjan, V.N. Gaitonde, C. Ahamed Saleel

“…Distribution of higher quantity of nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid media is still posing challenges and need further research. Physio-chemical properties of DSOBD B20 and their nano-biodiesel combinations are compared with diesel. …”
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Design of an Optimal Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for MRI Brain Tumor Classification by Exploiting Particle Swarm Optimization by Sofia El Amoury, Youssef Smili, Youssef Fakhri

“…The classification of brain tumors using MRI scans is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning, though it poses significant challenges due to the complex and varied characteristics of tumors, including irregular shapes, diverse sizes, and subtle textural differences. …”
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Analysis of core instability in the plastic forming of honeycomb sandwich panels by Ming-wei Wang, Zhong-yi Cai, Xi Zhang

“…Core instability poses a major obstacle to the advancement of plastic forming technology for honeycomb sandwich panels. …”
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Splicing Properties of Natural Fiber for Producing Yarns and Their Blends: A Review Paper by Mohamed Ben Hassen, Muhammad Awais, Faouzi Sakli, Saoussen Zannen, Mohammad Kanan

“…These investigations delve into the multifaceted interplay between yarn characteristics, splice parameters, and their collective impact on the quality of spliced yarn. …”
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ABERT: Adapting BERT model for efficient detection of human and AI-generated fake news by Jawaher Alghamdi, Yuqing Lin, Suhuai Luo

“…The proliferation of fake news in digital media poses a significant challenge to the dissemination of accurate information. …”
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Dynamical analysis of a complex competitive two-strain epidemic network model with vaccination by A. Abdelkhalek, A.H. Abdel Kader, I.L. El-Kalla, A. Elsaid, Amr Elsonbaty, K.S. Nisar

“…Developing accurate models to replicate epidemic transmission poses a significant challenge for researchers both now and in the foreseeable future. …”
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AI-Driven Integration of Deep Learning With Lung Imaging, Functional Analysis, and Blood Gas Metrics for Perioperative Hypoxemia Prediction by Kecheng Huang, Chujun Wu, Rongpeng Pi, Jieyu Fang

“…Perioperative hypoxemia, defined as arterial oxygen partial pressure <60 mmHg or oxygen saturation <90%, poses significant risks of delayed recovery and organ dysfunction. …”
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Mechanical Tensile Response of Ni–Graphene Nanocomposites in Hydrogen-Irradiation-Coupled Environments Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations by Tonghe Liu, Xiaoting Yuan, Hai Huang

“…In Gen-IV nuclear reactors, structural materials must endure unprecedented levels of neutron irradiation and hydrogen exposure, posing significant challenges for traditional Ni-based alloys. …”
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Structural Optimization of Disk Diffusers Based on Radial Basis Functions and Multi-Island Genetic Algorithms by Mengchao Liu, Jianing Fan

“…However, current designs and performance optimizations of supply outlets still encounter challenges such as high resistance and low energy efficiency, posing substantial obstacles to building energy conservation, indoor air quality, and fan energy consumption. …”
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Assessment of tannery effluents quality treated by electrocoagulation and ozonation: Physicochemical and ecotoxicological characterization. by Edwar Aguilar-Ascón, Liliana Marrufo-Saldaña, Julio Barra-Hinojosa, Robert Buleje-Del-Carpio

“…Tannery effluents are characterized by their high toxicity and complex pollutant load, posing significant risks to aquatic ecosystems. Although conventional treatment processes often achieve regulatory standards for pollutant concentrations, they do not necessarily guarantee the reduction of effluent toxicity. …”
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Eco-sustainable chromatographic method for the determination of favipiravir and nitazoxanide for COVID-19: application to human plasma by Amal B. Ahmed, Maha M. Abdelrahman, Fadwa H. Edrees

“…Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an extremely contagious illness, has posed enormous challenges to healthcare systems around the world. …”
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Forecasting Significant Wave Height Intervals Along China’s Coast Based on Hybrid Modal Decomposition and CNN-BiLSTM by Kairong Xie, Tong Zhang

“…The fluctuation of Hs is a non-stationary process influenced by seasonal variations in marine climate conditions, which poses significant challenges for accurate predictions. …”
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Phytochemical Profiling and Toxicity Assessment of Aqueous Extract From Bitter Apricot Kernels Cultivated in Morocco by Mohamed Amine El-Hajjaji, Ghizlane Nouioura, Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim, Najoua Soulo, Mohammed El Ouassete, Badiaa Lyoussi, Zineb Benziane Ouaritini

“…Apricot kernels contain amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside that degrades to cyanide upon chewing or crushing, posing a potential toxicity risk to humans. The present study aimed to determine the phenolic compounds and to evaluate the subacute and acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of bitter apricot kernels (BAKs) in Swiss albino mice. …”
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Landslide hazard assessment and agricultural vulnerability using a geospatial approach by Rian Gabriel Girsang, Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak

“…Despite the benefits it provides to farmers, the elevated rainfall also poses natural disaster risks, particularly landslides, which can adversely affect surrounding communities. …”
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Position of SGLT2i in prediabetes: A systematic review of literature by Kaushik Biswas, Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, Krishna Seshadri, Nitin Kapoor, Mala Dharmalingam, Thamburaj Anthuvan

“…This condition, often preceding Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses elevated risks for cardiovascular and renal complications. …”
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Determination of The Effect of Salicylic Acid Application on Salinity Stress at Germination Stage of Bread Wheat by Melikşah YILMAZ, Ferhat KIZILGECI, Nihan TAZEBAY ASAN, Ufuk ASAN, Asif IQBAL, Muhammad Aamir IQBAL

“…Under changing climate, abiotic stresses especially salinity have posed serious threats to modern crop production systems of staple crops and chemo-priming with salicylic acid offers a promising remedy. …”

Government subsidy-penalty strategy to promote low-carbon multimodal transportation using dynamic-static combination mechanism by Xinghua Hu, Ruizi Cheng, Jiahao Zhao, Xiaochuan Zhou

“…However, the lack of robust promotional policies and incentives has led to limited participation and suboptimal regulatory efficiency, posing challenges to the sustainable growth of low-carbon multimodal transportation. …”
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Hematological and serum biochemical findings in clinical cases of cattle naturally infected with lumpy skin disease by Sameeh M Abutarbush

“…Introduction: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute viral disease of cattle that is currently emerging in the Middle East region and poses a serious threat to Europe and the rest of the world. …”
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Dual closed-loop vector PI control and deadbeat current control of permanent magnet synchronous motor by Syed Abid Ali Shah Bukhari, Vikram Kumar, Muhammad Ahsan Niazi, Qazi Sajid

“…Addressing challenges posed by varying motor parameters, this study incorporates Luenberger observer for parameter disturbance compensation, further enhancing control robustness by 15%. …”
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Use of Artemisinin- Combination Therapies in Port Harcourt by OA Shorinwa, OO Ebong

“…The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum parasite resistance to commonly used antimalarials such as chloroquine and  sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine has posed challenges to malaria control. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of Artemisinin- based combination therapies (ACTs) as the first line of treatment for malaria in Sub –Saharan Africa. …”
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