Electric Eel foraging optimization based control design of islanded microgrid by M. A. Ebrahim, Ahmed S. Ragab, Beshoy Abdou Aziz, H. A. AbdelHadi

“…Abstract Designing control systems for islanded microgrids poses significant challenges due to the absence of inertia and parameter uncertainties. …”
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Determination of the Volume of Unboiled Arecanut Kernels using Image Processing by Salunke Ajit, Honnungar Sunilkumar, Vadivel Arunachalam

“…Real-time measurement of crucial physical parameters, particularly the volume of kernels, poses a considerable challenge that is not yet effectively addressed. …”
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Modeling and analysis of infectious diseases based on behavioral game theory on two-layered networks under media coverage. by Jianrong Wang, Rong Zeng, Xinghua Chang

“…The spread of infectious diseases poses significant threats to public health, the economy, and society as a whole. …”
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Urban change detection of remote sensing images via deep-feature extraction by Haiying Wang, Mingzhong Wu

“…Abstract Urban change detection based on remote sensing images holds significant importance in environmental monitoring and emergency management. However, it poses several challenges including large disparity errors, diverse types of changes, and a substantial difference between the number of changed and unchanged areas. …”
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Association of physical activity and stress reactivity with depression in elderly hypertensive population: A cross-sectional study from Eastern India by Arijita Banerjee, Sumit Kumar, Shirin Dasgupta

“…Objective: Depressive disorder poses an increased risk for sudden cardiac death in elderly population with existing comorbidities. …”
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Electric Vehicle Charging Load Forecasting Based on K-Means++-GRU-KSVR by Renxue Shang, Yongjun Ma

“…The experimental results show that the proposed model provided better prediction performance by capturing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the EV charging load, effectively addressing the challenges posed by regional differences, and outperforming the single-model forecasts.…”
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DNAGAST: Generative Adversarial Set Transformers for High-throughput Sequencing by David W. Ludwig II, Joshua L. Phillips

“…While deep learning models have utilized sets of DNA sequences to make informed predictions, to our knowledge, there are no models in the current literature capable of generating synthetic HTS samples, a tool which could enable experimenters to predict HTS samples given some environmental parameters. Furthermore, the unordered nature of HTS samples poses a challenge to nearly all deep learning architectures because they have an inherent dependence on input order. …”
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Effects of acute cadmium exposure on biochemistry, liver oxidative stress and transcriptomics in Songpu mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio Songpu) by Ze Fan, Yan Wang, Chenhui Li, Di Wu, Liansheng Wang, Jinnan Li, Jiaxin Li, Linghong Miao, Hong Xu

“…Cadmium (Cd) is a persistent heavy metal that accumulates dose-dependently in aquatic environments, posing a serious threat to the health of aquatic animals. …”
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Observer-based event triggering security load frequency control for power systems involving air conditioning loads by Xiaoming Wang, Yunlong Bai, Zhiyong Li, Wenguang Zhao, Shixing Ding

“…To address the challenges posed by limited network bandwidth and potential message blocking, the ETM minimizes communication while defending against DoS attacks. …”
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Towards bridging the synthetic-to-real gap in quantitative photoacoustic tomography via unsupervised domain adaptation by Zeqi Wang, Wei Tao, Zhuang Zhang, Hui Zhao

“…While training on synthetic data is easy to implement, the synthetic-to-real domain gap poses a significant challenge to model generalization. …”
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Analysis and Geovisualization of Tsunami Hazard and Evacuation Routes in the Opak-Progo Coastal Area by Sudaryatno Sudaryatno, Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo, Taufik Hery Purwanto, Muhammad Falakh Al Akbar, Amelia Rizki Gita, Osmar Shalih

“…Additionally, the presence of rivers flowing in the south of Java Island poses a greater tsunami threat because these rivers can act as "toll roads" for tsunami waves to enter the land. …”
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Advancements in formulations and technologies for colon-targeted drug delivery by Ritik Singh Rana, Yogita Ale, Pankaj Pant, Neha Kukreti, Vikash Jakhmola

“…Objective: Delivering pharmaceuticals to the colon poses challenges that require innovative formulation strategies. …”
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Structural Optimization of a Gas Distributor of Vertical Adsorption Tower Based on CFD by Bingchao GUO, Yongfei YAN, Cunlei LI, Yiwan NING, Feng GU

“…The vertical adsorption tower is crucial for carbon dioxide removal from flue gas, but its complex and variable adsorption process poses challenges for optimal production. Achieving uniform gas distribution is essential, prompting the evaluation of various gas distributors via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). …”
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Short-Term Highway Traffic Flow Prediction via Wavelet–Liquid Neural Network Model by Yongjun Wu, Hongyun Kang, Weipin Wang, Shuli Zhao, Xuening He, Jingyao Chen

“…However, traffic flow series present nonlinear, heterogeneous, and stochastic characteristics, posing significant challenges to precise prediction. …”
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Population pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma by Shifeng Wei, Shifeng Wei, Sitian Zhang, Dan Wang, Dan Wang, Dongjie Zhang, Qian Lu, Jiayi Mo, Jiayi Mo, Zhilin Yang, Zhilin Yang, Leyi Guan, Yingjun He, Zhigang Zhao, Zhigang Zhao, Shenghui Mei, Shenghui Mei

“…However, the considerable intra- and inter-individual variability in its pharmacokinetic and therapeutic efficacy poses significant challenges to clinical application. …”
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Resilience Enhancement for Distribution Networks Under Typhoon-Induced Multi-Source Uncertainties by Naixuan Zhu, Guilian Wu, Hao Chen, Nuoling Sun

“…The increasing prevalence of extreme weather events poses significant challenges to the stability of distribution networks (DNs). …”
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Mathematical modeling of Glassy-winged sharpshooter population by Jeong-Mi Yoon, Volodymyr Hrynkiv, Lisa Morano, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Sara Wilder, Forrest Mitchell

“…PD can kill vinesin one year and poses a serious threat to both the California andthe expanding Texas wine industries. …”
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Lignin and colour removal of pulp and papermill wastewater by enzymatic action of different fungal strains by Ashima Srivastava, Vivek Sharma, Pratibha Singh, Nupoor Srivastava

“…Wastewater from pulp and paper mill industries poses a major risk to the water and soil components of the ecosystem due to high concentration of organic as well as inorganic contaminants. …”
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Design-Oriented transient stability analysis of LCC-HVDC inverter with DC voltage control under grid fault by Zhiwei Lei, Junpeng Ma, Shunliang Wang, Ning Jiao, Tianqi Liu, Ruiting Xu

“…In the proposed analysis method, the large-signal model of the inverter is derived, hereafter, the dominant inducements of SCF, including control parameters, grid sag depth, and grid impedance are elaborated quantitatively. …”
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Rapid Trace Detection of Pesticide Residues on Tomato by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Flexible Tapes by Mingzhu Tao, Hui Fang, Xuping Feng, Yong He, Xiaoxi Liu, Yongqiang Shi, Yuzhen Wei, Zhiqi Hong

“…The non-judicious use of pesticides in agro-food poses a severe threat to food safety and human health. …”
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