On the Use of Azimuth Cutoff for Sea Surface Wind Speed Retrieval From SAR by Yuting Zhu, Giuseppe Grieco, Jiarong Lin, Marcos Portabella, Xiaoqing Wang

“…Despite this, the complexity of sea surface conditions poses significant challenges for satellite-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wind retrieval techniques. …”
Get full text

Multi-Feature Fusion for Enhanced Feature Representation in Automatic Modulation Recognition by Jiuxiao Cao, Rui Zhu, Lingfeng Wu, Jun Wang, Guohao Shi, Peng Chu, Kang Zhao

“…However, traditional methods have long posed challenges for researchers due to their excessive reliance on manual effort. …”
Get full text

A Study of Real-time Detection Methods for Solar Radio Burst Identification by YongLin Yu, ChengLong Qiao, Shuo Xu, QinZheng Li, YanRui Su, HongQiang Song, FaBao Yan

“…Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other solar radio burst phenomena release substantial amounts of solar radiation energy, resulting in adverse space weather conditions and posing significant hazards in space. Spectrum analysis conducted manually or with traditional image processing algorithms is limited by low efficiency and accuracy. …”
Get full text

Ensemble Network-Based Distillation for Hyperspectral Image Classification in the Presence of Label Noise by Youqiang Zhang, Ruihui Ding, Hao Shi, Jiaxi Liu, Qiqiong Yu, Guo Cao, Xuesong Li

“…Moreover, we propose a parameter-adaptive loss function that balances the impact of both the estimated and ground-truth label distributions during the training process. …”
Get full text

Quantitative evaluation of dislocation density in SUS316L utilizing non-contact microwave reflection method by Guodong WANG, Shaojie GU, Yasuhiro KIMURA, Yuhki TOKU, Yang JU

“…Traditional methods for the evaluation of dislocation density include electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD), requiring meticulous specimen preparation and sophisticated equipment posing challenges for industry-wide fitness-for-service (FFS) monitoring. …”
Get full text

MetaRes-DMT-AS: A Meta-Learning Approach for Few-Shot Fault Diagnosis in Elevator Systems by Hongming Hu, Shengying Yang, Yulai Zhang, Jianfeng Wu, Liang He, Jingsheng Lei

“…However, conventional approaches typically require substantial labeled datasets that are often impractical to obtain in real-world industrial environments. This limitation poses a fundamental challenge for developing robust diagnostic models capable of performing reliably under data-scarce conditions. …”
Get full text

Assessment of heavy metal sources and health risks in soil-crop systems of fragmented farmland by Lei Tong, Aoran Yang, Mingyue Fan, Daikun Zheng, Ji Li, Hanlin Liu, Chenggen Li, Yongqiong Tang, Longfeng Cheng

“…Heavy metal contamination in agricultural ecosystems poses significant risks to human health. Metals accumulating in soil-crop systems can be absorbed and concentrated by crops. …”
Get full text

The Effect of Surgical Treatment of Horizontal Strabismus on Refractive Changes in Adult Patients by M. G. Kataev, M. A. Zakharova, I. Yu. Trofimova

“…The patient’s desire to get rid of both problems poses a question to the surgeon about the order of surgical interventions. …”
Get full text

Thinning of maximum ciliary body thickness: a potential early indicator for pseudophakic malignant glaucoma in primary angle closure glaucoma by Yong Jie Qin, Fu Long Luo, Jin Zeng, Yu Lin Zhang, Wen Juan Xie, Yan Lei Chen, Sun On Chan, Hong Yang Zhang

“…Abstract Objective Pseudophakic malignant glaucoma (PMG) is an uncommon but severe postoperative complication that poses a significant threat to vision. Early detection of PMG in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is imperative for effective intervention. …”
Get full text

The Milankovitch Theory Revisited to Explain the Mid-Pleistocene and Early Quaternary Transitions by Jean-Louis Pinault

“…The theory of orbital forcing as formulated by Milankovitch involves the mediation by the advance (retreat) of ice sheets and the resulting variations in terrestrial albedo. This approach poses a major problem: that of the period of glacial cycles, which varies over time, as happened during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). …”
Get full text

CycleGuardian: a framework for automatic respiratory sound classification based on improved deep clustering and contrastive learning by Yun Chu, Qiuhao Wang, Enze Zhou, Ling Fu, Qian Liu, Gang Zheng

“…Distinguishing between normal and abnormal respiratory sounds poses challenges due to the coexistence of normal respiratory components and noise components in both types. …”
Get full text

DRBD-YOLOv8: A Lightweight and Efficient Anti-UAV Detection Model by Panpan Jiang, Xiaohua Yang, Yaping Wan, Tiejun Zeng, Mingxing Nie, Zhenghai Liu

“…Achieving real-time detection with high accuracy, while accommodating the limited resources of edge-computing devices poses a significant challenge for anti-UAV detection. …”
Get full text

Analysis of Pile–Soil Interaction Mechanisms for Wind Turbine Tower Foundations in Collapsible Loess Under Multi-Hazard Coupled Loading by Kangkai Fan, Shaobo Chai, Lang Zhao, Shanqiu Yue, Huixue Dang, Xinyuan Liu

“…The peak horizontal displacement at the pile top induced by seismic loads reaches 10.07 mm, substantially exceeding the effects of wind and rainfall loads, posing a direct threat to wind turbine tower safety. …”
Get full text

Blood-based biomarkers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint blockade by Yo-Ting Tsai, Jeffrey Schlom, Renee N. Donahue

“…Abstract The paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment has been profoundly influenced by the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but the range of clinical responses observed among patients poses significant challenges. To date, analyses of tumor biopsies are the only parameter used to guide prognosis to ICI therapy. …”
Get full text

AUHF-DETR: A Lightweight Transformer with Spatial Attention and Wavelet Convolution for Embedded UAV Small Object Detection by Hengyu Guo, Qunyong Wu, Yuhang Wang

“…We further replace the original global attention mechanism with the PSA module to strengthen inter-feature relationships within each ROI, thereby resolving the embedded challenges posed by RT-DETR’s complex token computations. In the encoder, we introduce a BDFPN for multi-scale feature fusion, effectively mitigating the small-object detection difficulties caused by the baseline’s Hungarian assignment. …”
Get full text

Early Detection of ITSC Faults in PMSMs Using Transformer Model and Transient Time-Frequency Features by Ádám Zsuga, Adrienn Dineva

“…Furthermore, the lack of publicly available, high-fidelity datasets capturing the transient dynamics and nonlinear flux-linkage behaviors of PMSMs under fault conditions poses an additional barrier to developing data-driven diagnostic solutions. …”
Get full text

Predicting the thermal conductivity of polymer composites with one-dimensional oriented fillers using the combination of deep learning and ensemble learning by Yinzhou Liu, Weidong Zheng, Haoqiang Ai, Lin Cheng, Ruiqiang Guo, Xiaohan Song

“…However, the prediction of the TC of composites with 1D oriented fillers poses a challenge due to the significant impact of filler orientation on composite TC. …”
Get full text

Macroscopic Dynamic Characteristics and Microscopic Simulation of Round Gravel Under Cyclic Loading by MA Shaokun, TIAN Fapai, HUANG Haijun, MA Min, HE Benfu, DUAN Zhibo

“…The macroscopic dynamic characteristics of the round gravel and the internal microscopic parameter response law under different relative densities, confining pressures, and dynamic stress amplitudes are analyzed. …”
Get full text

Thermal runaway and distribution effects on a three-step exothermic reaction of magneto-Casson fluid with chemical kinetics and convective channel wall by A.D. Ohaegbue, S.O. Salawu, R.A. Oderinu, A.O. Akindele, P. Adegbite

“…The study is characterized by an overwhelming temperature rise due to the exothermic heat accumulation, which poses substantial challenges in natural and industrial processes. …”
Get full text

Could Road Structures Impact the Avian Community? A Study Case from the South Coast Remained Forest in Malang Region, East Java Province, Indonesia by Agus Nurrofik, Luchman Hakim, Luhur Septiadi, Nia Kurniawan

“…In light of these, sustainable management and conservation action plans were urgently needed to prevent the negative effects on avian communities posed by the road structure.…”
Get full text