Enhanced attitude tracking control of spacecraft via inner and outer loop sliding mode design. by Xinxiang Fang, Ming Wen

“…The outer loop generates the angular velocity command [Formula: see text] by tracking the desired attitude angle [Formula: see text], while the inner loop ensures accurate torque control based on this command. …”
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Four loop Green’s functions involving the $$n=2$$ n = 2 moment of the Wilson operator by J. A. Gracey

“…In addition we compute the correlation functions of both gauge invariant operators to four loops in the same scheme.…”
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The fourth order flux observer with in‐loop filter for permanent magnet synchronous motor sensorless control by Ziwen Wang, Ciyong Luo, Xiaoshu Jia, Zihao Xing

“…The performance of the method is analysed by transfer functions and bode plots, while the discretisation method of the FOIFFO is proposed. …”
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Iterative Dissipativity of Partial Difference Equation Dynamics in Open-Loop Iterative Learning Control Mode by Tengfei Xiao

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Development and comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification with quantitative PCR for the specific detection of Saprolegnia spp. by Satyaki Ghosh, David L Straus, Christopher Good, Vipaporn Phuntumart

“…This study is the first to report the development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the detection of Saprolegnia spp. and compares it with quantitative PCR (qPCR). …”
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A Closed-Loop Economy in the Meat Industry for Generating Alternative Energy from Biogas Plants by Elżbieta Jadwiga Szymańska, Robert Mroczek, Jadwiga Drożdż

“…Based on case studies, this paper also presents examples of a closed-loop economy in meat companies. In the area of pork, poultry, and beef livestock production, the analysis covered the years 2004–2022, while in the area of the production and use of meat industry by-products, the data came from 2017–2022. …”
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Treatment of Type V Acromioclavicular Separation with Minimally Invasive Closed-loop Double-endobutton Technique by Wei-Hsiang Yang, Yung-Chang Lu, Ting-Kuo Chang, Chung-Ting Liu

“…Objectives: This study aimed to describe our indirect reduction procedure using a minimally invasive, closed-loop, double endobutton (Tightrope) technique for Type V AC separation and evaluate short-term outcomes and complications. …”
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Intelligent Robust Control Design with Closed-Loop Voltage Sensing for UPS Inverters in IoT Devices by En-Chih Chang, Yuan-Wei Tseng, Chun-An Cheng

“…This paper suggests an intelligent, robust control technique with closed-loop voltage sensing for UPS (uninterruptible power supply) inverters in IoT (internet of things) devices. …”
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Integrated Systemic Modeling of Production Scheduling, Maintenance, and Quality Control in Closed-Loop Supply Chains by Javad Rahim, Ali Morovati Sharifabadi, Davood Andalib Ardakani

“…Closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) are increasingly recognized as essential frameworks for achieving operational efficiency and sustainability in modern industries. …”
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Human as AI mentor: Enhanced human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning for safe and efficient autonomous driving by Zilin Huang, Zihao Sheng, Chengyuan Ma, Sikai Chen

“…In this paper, we propose an enhanced human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning method, termed the Human as AI mentor-based deep reinforcement learning (HAIM-DRL) framework, which facilitates safe and efficient autonomous driving in mixed traffic platoon. …”
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EDITORIAL: More than closing loops: Community-based circular food systems as pathways for transformation by María Alonso Martínez, Jacob Park, Anna Davies, WarīNkwī Flores, Sarah Rocker, Jim Worstell

“…Yet predominant visions of circular economies, often focused on closed-loop industrial efficiencies, fall short on addressing deeper questions of equity, culture, power, and community agency. . . . …”
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An Effective ANFIS Approach for Interconnected DFIG-Based Wind Energy System With Model-In-Loop Validation by J. Sarathi, D. Rama Prabha

“…This study introduces an effective control strategy for interconnected doubly-fed induction generator-based wind energy systems with model-in-loop validation. Using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, the proposed controller employs an improved fuzzy rule set and membership function configuration. …”
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Robust Dual-Loop Control With Disturbance Observer for DT-PMSM Driven Steer-by-Wire Systems by Kunpeng Jiang, Yousheng Yang

“…To achieve accurate, fast, and robust control, this paper proposes a dual-loop control structure. The outer loop uses a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to manage the steering angle, while the inner loop employs a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) to regulate speed. …”
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System-in-the-Loop Test System With Mixed-Reality for Autonomous Ground Vehicle (AGV) and Military Applications by Hyunsung Tae, Saedong Yeo, Sukhyun Hwang, Seogu Park, Gyuhwan Hwang

“…In this paper, we propose a novel System-In-the-Loop (SysIL) test system based on mixed reality, capable of generating various test cases in outdoor environments, such as rough terrain, for Autonomous Ground Vehicle (AGV) and military applications. …”
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Next generation bioelectronic medicine: making the case for non-invasive closed-loop autonomic neuromodulation by Imanuel Lerman, Yifeng Bu, Rahul Singh, Harold A. Silverman, Anuj Bhardwaj, Alex J. Mann, Alik Widge, Joseph Palin, Christopher Puleo, Hubert Lim

“…Abstract The field of bioelectronic medicine has advanced rapidly from rudimentary electrical therapies to cutting-edge closed-loop systems that integrate real-time physiological monitoring with adaptive neuromodulation. …”
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Research Progress and Perspectives of the Reaction Kinetics of Fe-Based Oxygen Carriers in Chemical Looping Combustion by Jiakun Mei, Shangkun Quan, Hairui Yang, Man Zhang, Tuo Zhou, Xi Yang, Mingyu Zhang, Tae-young Mun, Zhouhang Li, Ryang-Gyoon Kim, Xing Zhu, Hua Wang, Dongfang Li

“…Chemical looping combustion (CLC), a promising technology employing oxygen carriers to realize cyclic oxygen transfer between reactors, represents a transformative approach to CO₂ capture with near-zero energy penalties. …”
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Human-in-the-Loop Optimization of the Stiffness and Alignment of a Prosthetic Foot to Reduce the Metabolic Cost of Walking by Thijs Tankink, Han Houdijk, Johnnidel Tabucol, Marco Leopaldi, Juha M. Hijmans, Raffaella Carloni

“…This study aims to explore the potential of human-in-the-loop optimization to individually optimize prosthetic foot stiffness and alignment to decrease the metabolic cost of walking of transtibial amputees. 10 transtibial amputees underwent an optimization protocol while walking on a treadmill with an experimental prosthetic foot with tuneable stiffness and alignment. …”
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In-situ TEM Study of Dislocation Loop Evolution in Tungsten under Dual-ion Beam Irradiation by MA Pengfei1, LIU Yan2, CAO Liuxuan2, ZHANG Yapei1, LI Xiurui1, TIAN Wenxi1, QIU Suizheng1, SU Guanghui1

“…In the study of dislocation loops, the irradiation damage dose and damage rate significantly influence the formation and evolution of dislocation loops. …”
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Empirical dynamic modeling helps deciphering the nonlinear feedback loops governing freshwater methane emissions by Liu YANG, Zhe LI, Dianchang WANG, Kun SHAN, Yan XIAO, Lunhui LU, Xinghua WU, Chong LI

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Transient Synchronization Stability Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Following Converter Considering Current Dynamics by Teklu Dereje, Ling Zhan, Bin Hu, Heng Nian

“…Existing research on transient stability merely centered on phase looked loop (PLL) dynamics while the current control loop is ignored. …”
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