Numerical Simulation of the Time Evolution of Small-Scale Irregularities in the F-Layer Ionospheric Plasma by O. V. Mingalev, G. I. Mingaleva, M. N. Melnik, V. S. Mingalev

“…Dynamics of magnetic field-aligned small-scale irregularities in the electron concentration, existing in the F-layer ionospheric plasma, is investigated with the help of a mathematical model. …”
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Coupling Mechanism of Electrical Double Layer and Mass Transport for Bubble Nucleation at Electrode Interfaces by Jiaxuan HU, Changqing GUO, Zhida WANG, Yan SHI, Lisha SHEN, Hongyu HUANG, Changfeng YAN

“…During the process of water electrolysis,the "bubble effect" will significantly reduce the overall performance of the system.The classical nucleation theory (CNT model） fails to reveal the regulatory mechanism of the electrical double layer (EDL),surface microstructure,and mass transfer synergy on nucleation kinetics in actual electrochemical systems.This study develops an electrode interface bubble nucleation model with the synergistic effect of electrical double layer⁃mass transfer⁃surface microstructure,considering the synergistic regulation mechanism of ion migration diffusion behavior,electrode surface nano microstructure,and concentration boundary layer on the nucleation process.The research results show that the synergistic effect of EDL and microporous structurel generates significant potential gradients at the surface micropores,leading to an increase in local supersaturation and prioritizing bubble nucleation.At high overpotentials,the effect of the concentration boundary layer on nucleation energy barrier exhibits a nonlinear relationship.The thinner the concentration boundary layer is,the more significant the decreasing trend of the nucleation rate at high potential will be.The growth of bubbles is dominated by the net concentration flux near the three⁃phase contact line (TPCL),exhibiting a two⁃stage growth characteristic.The study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the surface design of gas evolution electrodes.…”
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Temperature field in a cylindrical porous layer during “endless” heating with heat outflow by N. D. Yakimov, A. F. Shageev, A. V. Dmitriev, I. A. Mutugullina

“…The heating process is considered endless. purpose.OBJECT. To solve this problem, it is necessary to use the proposed mathematical model. …”
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DNN Layer Specialization Through Sequential Training for Applications With Smart Road-User Interactions by Joannes Sam Mertens, Salvatore Cafiso, Laura Galluccio, Giacomo Morabito, Giuseppina Pappalardo

“…Unfortunately, this would imply the need to collect and process a very large amount of data for the training of each DNN model, which is not practical. …”
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Turbo detection-decoding method for bit-interleavered random layered space-time codes by LI Xiao-wei, CHEN Fang-jiong, WEI Gang

“…Based on one kind of layered space-time code which used bit-interleavered and random-layered model,a joint detection-decoding method based on the Turbo principle was proposed.The new method used soft-interference canceller and SISO decoder and improved the exchange of soft information between them.By iterative procession it improved the performance of the whole system.The potential practice capability is proved by simulation results and computational complexity analysis.…”
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Turbo detection-decoding method for bit-interleavered random layered space-time codes by LI Xiao-wei, CHEN Fang-jiong, WEI Gang

“…Based on one kind of layered space-time code which used bit-interleavered and random-layered model,a joint detection-decoding method based on the Turbo principle was proposed.The new method used soft-interference canceller and SISO decoder and improved the exchange of soft information between them.By iterative procession it improved the performance of the whole system.The potential practice capability is proved by simulation results and computational complexity analysis.…”
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Correlations between the Crustal Field and the Magnetization Layer’s Geometry in the Martian Magnetic Lineation Area by Jipeng Qin, Can Huang, Hao Luo, Yasong Ge, Lin Tian, Kuixiang Zhang, Lei Wang, Ying Zhang, Lican Shan, Aimin Du

“…However, a missing link remains between the magnetization layer’s geometry, controlled by these processes, and the scale and magnitude of magnetic signals in the satellite orbit. …”
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Numerical Assessment on Unloading Disturbance and Gas Extraction in Remote Distance Protective Layer Mining by Zhigang Yuan, Zehua Jiang, Shuqing Li, Jintao Zhao, Fei Huang

“…The established mathematical model was implemented by combining FLAC3D and COMSOL programs to study characteristic changes during remote distance protective layer mining of Chajiaotan coal mine. …”
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Development of a software platform for automatic train operation: Integrating meso- and microscopic layers by Daniel Bilbao-Moreno, Iker Elorza, Eloy Irigoyen

“…A simplified model is employed in the mesoscopic layer to enhance planning capabilities and facilitate efficient decision-making processes, while a detailed model represents the physical system. …”
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Expert System for Detection of Diseases in Layers Using Forward Chaining and Certainty Factor Methods by Kevin Febrianto, Erika Devi Udayanti, Bonifacius Vicky Indriyono, Wildan Mahmud, Iqlima Zahari

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A Dynamic Equilibrium Mechanism of Core Layer Interests in the Mobile Medical Platform Ecosystem by Zheng Shenghua, Hakam Bader, Chen Jue

“…It is critical to promote the stability of the platform and the dynamic balance of interests at the core layer in the pricing process. This paper applies the platform business ecosystem theory and the evolutionary game theory to mobile medical platform development, contributing theoretically and practically in the following: (1) providing a more solid theoretical support for the mobile medical platform research and enriching the theoretical framework of the platform business ecosystem; (2) proposing the dynamic equilibrium model based on the optimal decisions of the platform core layers, which help to reveal the inherent law of the evolution of the mobile medical platform; (3) providing policy suggestions and management implications in constructing an appropriate business ecosystem and achieving sustainable development in mobile medical platforms.…”
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Numerical simulation of multi-layer co-production in marine-continental transitional shale reservoirs by CHEN Xuezhong, ZHAO Huiyan, CHEN Man, XU Huaqing, YANG Jianying, YANG Xiaomin, TANG Huiying

“…The model analyses the dynamic characteristics of single-stage gas well production under various lithologic combination modes. …”
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High‐frequency gravity waves and homogeneous ice nucleation in tropical tropopause layer cirrus by Eric J. Jensen, Rei Ueyama, Leonhard Pfister, Theopaul V. Bui, M. Joan Alexander, Aurélien Podglajen, Albert Hertzog, Sarah Woods, R. Paul Lawson, Ji‐Eun Kim, Mark R. Schoeberl

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Molecular dynamics simulation and analysis of pre-crystallization layer between liquid and solid states by Pavel V. Chirkov, Vladimir V. Dremov, Roman M. Kichigin, Alexey V. Karavaev, Filipp A. Sapozhnikov, Elena B. Cherepetskaya, Vladimir S. Dub, Ivan A. Ivanov, Sergey V. Salikhov

“…It was shown that the properties of the pre–crystallization layer are different from those of liquid and solid. …”
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Large eddy simulation of near-surface boundary layer dynamics over patchy snow by Michael Haugeneder, Michael Haugeneder, Michael Lehning, Michael Lehning, Océane Hames, Océane Hames, Mahdi Jafari, Dylan Reynolds, Dylan Reynolds, Rebecca Mott

“…The near-surface boundary layer over patchy snow is highly heterogeneous and dynamic. …”
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Layer‐Level Adaptive Gradient Perturbation Protecting Deep Learning Based on Differential Privacy by Zhang Xiangfei, Zhang Qingchen, Jiang Liming

“…However, classic differentially private learning introduces the same level of noise into the gradients across training iterations, which affects the trade‐off between model utility and privacy guarantees. To address this issue, an adaptive differential privacy mechanism was proposed in this paper, which dynamically adjusts the privacy budget at the layer‐level as training progresses to resist member inference attacks. …”
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Machine Learning-Based 3D Soil Layer Reconstruction in Foundation Pit Engineering by Chenxi Zhang, Nan Li, Xiuping Dong, Bin Liu, Meilian Liu

“…First, various types of borehole and soil layer data are generated by simulating the formation process of Earth’s soil layers, thereby providing sufficient training data. …”
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Layered energy equalization structure for series battery pack based on multiple optimal matching by Jianfang Jiao, Hongwei Wang, Feng Gao, Serdar Coskun, Guang Wang, Jiale Xie, Fei Feng

“…Firstly, to achieve energy equalization under complex conditions, a two-layer equalization circuit topology is designed, and the efficiency and loss of energy transfer in the equalization process are studied. …”
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Understanding the impact of the gas diffusion layer structure on catalyst utilization in the PEM water electrolyzer by Yuyao Huang, Samuel Williams, Tae Wook Heo, Aaron Marshall, Brandon Wood, John Kennedy, James Metson, Meng Wai Woo, Jingjing Liu

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Forensic Characterization of Gel Pen Inks with Thin Layer Chromatography and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Technique by Harjot Kaur, Tina Sharma, Archana Gautam, Vaibhav Mishra

“…Background: Using a comprehensive approach that combines Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Adobe Photoshop image manipulation, this study aims to authenticate and identify Gen gel pens. …”
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