Predicting the surface contact angle based on real-time temperature and pressure sintering principles in the fused deposition modeling process by Xunqi Liu, Yan Lou, Jianming Hong, Guijian Huang, Mingyu Liu

“…The issues of surface roughness and step effects caused by the layered structures formed during the FDM process have been extensively studied. …”
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The Fate of Deep Permafrost Carbon in Northern High Latitudes in the 21st Century: A Process‐Based Modeling Analysis by L. Liu, Q. Zhuang, D. Zhao, J. Wei, D. Zheng

“…Our study suggests that the majority of the thawed C will remain sequestered in previously frozen layers in this century, posing a significant challenge to climate change mitigation efforts once any process accelerates the decomposition of this huge amount of thawed C.…”
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In-situ 3D temperature field modeling and characterization using eddy current for metal additive manufacturing process monitoring by Lei Peng, Edward Benavidez, Saptarshi Mukherjee, Rosa E. Morales, Joseph W. Tringe, David Stobbe, Yiming Deng

“…We first developed a thermally-coupled electromagnetic simulation to examine this phenomenon. Our model reveals a complex internal temperature distribution created during dynamic laser heating processes. …”
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Evolution Process of Toppling Deformations in Interbedded Anti-Inclined Rock Slopes by Yibing Ning, Yanjun Shen, Tao Ding, Panpan Xu, Fenghao Duan, Bei Zhang, Bocheng Zhang, John Victor Smith

“…In this study, we used a physical model test with basal friction to replicate the evolution process of the slope deformation. …”
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Study on the effect of load on the structural response of projectile during penetration process by Jun Liang, Xuanhua Fan, Tao Li, Shifu Xiao, Feng Ma

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Analysis of immune characteristics and inflammatory mechanisms in COPD patients: a multi-layered study combining bulk and single-cell transcriptome analysis and machine learning by Changjin Wei, Yongfeng Zhu, Caiming Chen, Feipeng Li, Li Zheng

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DETERMINATION OF HARDENED METAL LAYER THICKNESS USING MAGNETIC METHOD by V. S. Bezkorovayniy, V. V. Yakovenko, Y. V. Livtsov

“…To justify the proposed method, mathematical modeling of stray magnetic field of the axis local magnetized section is performed before and after processing. …”
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Study of grain spreading and cooling process based on non equilibrium thermal simulation by ZHAO Chao, CHEN Tao, ZHOU Zhonglin, YANG Jian

“…Based on the degree how the discharge temperature meets the process requirements, and analyzed the impact of the thickness of the grain layer, the speed of the plate chain movement, and the impact of the exhaust air volume on the air flow distribution, temperature field distribution, and the temperature changes during the entire grain movement process.ResultsAfter analysis, it was found that the thickness of the material layer has significant impact on the discharge temperature, the speed of the plate chain movement and the exhaust air volume have secondary impacts. …”
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Theoretical modeling of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on acid-treated peanut skin: microscopic analysis via statistical physics treatment by Salah Knani, Ismahene Ben Khemis, Ana Carolina Ferreira Piazzi Fuhr, Nizar Lefi, Safwat A. Mahmoud, Guilherme Luiz Dotto, Abdulaziz Alenazi, Ridha Selmi

“…The adsorption mechanism was interpreted based on statistical physics theory using the homogeneous double-layer model with one energy (HDLM1E). The modeling results indicated that the removal of 2,4-DA molecules occurred through a multi-interactive adsorption mechanism at temperatures of 25, 35, and 45 °C (0.76 < n < 0.99). …”
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A novel committee machine and reviews of neural network and statistical models for currency exchange rate prediction: An experimental analysis by Trilok Nath Pandey, Alok Kumar Jagadev, Satchidananda Dehuri, Sung-Bae Cho

“…Hence, over the years different types of neural network models along with statistical models are developed to predict the currency exchange rates of different countries with varying parameters. …”
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Mechanistic Modelling of Coupled UV Energy Penetration and Resin Flow Dynamics in Digital Light Processing (DLP)-Based Microfluidic Chip Printing by Xinhui Wang, Antony Seng Kai Kho, Jinghang Liu, Tianyu Mao, Michael D. Gilchrist, Nan Zhang

“…COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 simulations incorporating UV light propagation, photopolymerization kinetics, and resin flow dynamics revealed that microchannel over-curing is a result of both energy infiltration through previously cured layers and periodic resin flow induced by the peeling process. …”
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COLD-12: A multi-level feature extraction hybrid CNN Model for accurate cotton disease diagnosis by Md. Asraful Sharker Nirob, Prayma Bishshash, A K M Fazlul Kobir Siam

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Predicting the Evolution of Shallow Cumulus Clouds With a Lotka‐Volterra Like Model by Jingyi Chen, Samson Hagos, Jerome Fast, Zhe Feng

“…Abstract In numerical weather prediction and climate models, boundary‐layer clouds are controlled by a wide range of subgrid‐scale processes. …”
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Application of multi-layer chitosan-based wound dressings in dentistry by Alexandr S. Gumenyuk, Denis I. Ushmarov, Sergey E. Gumenyuk, Tatyana V. Gaivoronskaya, Alexandr S. Sotnichenko, Karina I. Melkonyan, Yulia A. Belich, Timofey E. Grigoriev

“…The proposed chitosan-based wound dressings showed sufficient efficiency on the modelled wound process in the alveolar socket of an extracted tooth. …”
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MECHANISM OF RESTORATION OF THE DISPERSE FERRIFEROUS WASTE IN A DYNAMIC LAYER by S. L. Rovin

“…Some results of researches of processes of heating and restoration of the disperse materials containing iron in laboratory and semi-industrial conditions and the mechanism (physical model) developed on the basis of the obtained data for the description of processes of solid-phase restoration of disperse ferriferous waste in a dynamic layer which can be considered as part of the solution of a task of development of technology of a low-tonnage recycling are presented in the article.Keywords. …”
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Opportunistic spectrum access algorithm based on cross-layer optimization by ZHANG Jing, ZHU Hong-bo

“…Aiming at the opportunistic spectrum access（OSA） system with periodic channel sensing,sensing activity of secondary users was modeled and analyzed with Markov process.Combining physical layer index with MAC layer index,a cross-layer performance measure termed effective transmission capacity（ETC） was introduced.Under the criterion of maximizing ETC,a cross-layer optimal OSA algorithm was proposed and the achievable average ETC of opportunistic spectrum sharing was deduced.Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is better than single-layer optimal schemes for it provides the secondary users with higher ETC.…”
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Investigating the Fuel Cell Performance Tradeoffs of Thick Catalyst Layers by Rifael Z. Snitkoff‐Sol, Yan Presman, Lior Elbaz

“…In this work, Fourier‐transformed alternating current voltammetry (FTacV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are employed to systematically deconvolute the gains and losses to the activity due to the high loading of PGM‐free catalysts and relate the underlying processes to the observed fuel cell performance. EIS is analyzed via extraction of the distribution of relaxation times, obtaining a model‐free analysis of the physical processes in the cell. …”
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Investigation of Titanium Alloy Cutting Dynamics in Thin-Layer Machining by Anna Zawada-Tomkiewicz, Emilia Zeuschner, Dariusz Tomkiewicz

“…This study investigated the machining of two titanium alloy grades—Ti Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) and Ti Grade 2—with the main focus on process stability. A material separation model was analyzed to demonstrate the mechanism of material flow within the cross-section of the machined layer. …”
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Lightweight Two-Layer Control Architecture for Human-Following Robot by Gustavo A. Acosta-Amaya, Deimer A. Miranda-Montoya, Jovani A. Jimenez-Builes

“…The low-level control layer was developed using pole placement and internal model control (IMC) methods. (3) Results: Experimental validation demonstrated that the proposed architecture enables the robot to follow a person in real time, maintaining the predefined following distance of 1.3 m in each of the five conducted trials. …”
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Cattle identification based on multiple feature decision layer fusion by Dongxu Li, Baoshan Li, Qi Li, Yueming Wang, Mei Yang, Mingshuo Han

“…The corresponding cattle IDs of these features are then processed using One-Hot encoding to serve as the final input for the decision layer, and various ensemble strategies are used to optimize the model. …”
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