An Update on RNA Virus Discovery: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives by Humberto Debat, Nicolas Bejerman

“…The relentless emergence of RNA viruses poses a perpetual threat to global public health, necessitating continuous efforts in surveillance, discovery, and understanding of these pathogens. This review provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in RNA virus discovery, highlighting breakthroughs in technology and methodologies that have significantly enhanced our ability to identify novel viruses across diverse host organisms. …”
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Genomic analysis and lysogenic conversion of novel RAP44-like phages in Riemerella anatipestifer by Junxuan Zhang, Xiaolu He, Jinzhen Hao, Yefan Wang, Jinyang Su, Xiaoxin Chen, Liying Deng, Yizhang Zheng, Zixing Guo, Mianzhi Wang, Yongxue Sun

“…Riemerella anatipestifer, an important waterfowl pathogen, causes severe economic losses because of limited prevention and control methods. …”
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Organic fertilizer enhances the secretion of microRNAs from tomato roots to facilitate beneficial rhizosphere microorganism expansion and suppress Ralstonia solanacearum proliferat... by Shuo Liu, Hai-Yang Li, Tao Zhang, Yang-Kai Li, Xin-Di Liao, Si-Cheng Xing

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Mitochondrial metabolic regulation of macrophage polarization in osteomyelitis and other orthopedic disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities by Jinglin Li, Lin Zhang, Jiaze Peng, Chuntao Zhao, Wenguang Li, Yang Yu, Xianpeng Huang, Fuyin Yang, Xuan Deng, Xuxu Yang, Tao Zhang, Jiachen Peng, Jiachen Peng

“…Osteomyelitis is a complex infectious bone disease involving pathogen invasion, host immune responses, and dysregulation of the local microenvironment. …”
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Viruses as Modulators of Mitochondrial Functions by Sanjeev K. Anand, Suresh K. Tikoo

“…Mitochondria-mediated immune responses might be an evolutionary adaptation by which mitochondria might have prevented the entry of invading microorganisms thus establishing them as an integral part of the cell. This makes them a target for all the invading pathogens including viruses. …”
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How is the human microbiome linked to kidney stones? by Xin Pei, Miao Liu, Shanshan Yu

“…The microbiome, as the ‘second genome’ of the host, is involved in the development of kidney stones through metabolic regulation, immune homeostasis and inflammatory response. …”
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A Bayesian inference framework to reconstruct transmission trees using epidemiological and genetic data. by Marco J Morelli, Gaël Thébaud, Joël Chadœuf, Donald P King, Daniel T Haydon, Samuel Soubeyrand

“…The accurate identification of the route of transmission taken by an infectious agent through a host population is critical to understanding its epidemiology and informing measures for its control. …”
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Roles of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis-related gene HP0858 in the fitness of Helicobacter pylori and its virulence in Galleria mellonella by Tram Thi Hong Nguyen, Pei-Chun Chen, Po-Chuan Wang, Wen-Han Wang, Chung-Yu Lan, Steffen Backert, Mou-Chieh Kao

“…One of its major virulence factors, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), plays a crucial role in maintaining bacterial integrity, mediating host adhesion, and modulating the immune response. …”
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Under the scales: Identification of ticks in rehabilitated African pangolins and confiscated scales by Zwannda Nethavhani, Thando Radebe, Catherine Maria Dzerefos, Essa Suleman, Raymond Jansen

“…Beyond zoonotic concerns related to coronavirus, pangolins serve as hosts for ectoparasites such as ticks, which can be inadvertently transported through illegal wildlife trade and rehabilitation efforts. …”
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Potential of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic technology in mitigating multiple drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars in an in vitro broiler cecal mod... by Elena G Olson, Dana K Dittoe, W Evan Chaney, Andrea M Binnebose, Steven C Ricke

“…Diamond V Original XPC® is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic technology (SCFP) designed to interact synergistically with the animal to provide health benefits by enhancing immune function, supporting digestive integrity and absorption, and maintaining gastrointestinal (GIT) microbial balance in the host. …”
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Pyricularia pennisetigena and Pyricularia oryzae isolates from Paraguay's wheat-growing regions and the impact on wheat by Cinthia Carolina Cazal-Martínez, Yessica Magaliz Reyes-Caballero, Alice Rocio Chávez, Pastor Enmanuel Pérez-Estigarribia, Man Mohan Kohli, Alcides Rojas, Andrea Alejandra Arrua, Juliana Moura-Mendes, Ramón Souza-Perera, José Juan Zúñiga Agilar, Emile Gluck-Thaler, Horacio Lopez-Nicora, Julio Cesar Masaru Iehisa

“…This finding suggests P. pennisetigena may pose an emerging threat to wheat in Paraguay, as its primary host is prevalent near wheat fields. These results highlight the critical importance of integrated disease management strategies, particularly the identification of inoculum sources, to mitigate cross-species pathogen transmission. …”
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A Review of Cross-Species Transmission Mechanisms of Influenza Viruses by Xianfeng Hui, Xiaowei Tian, Shihuan Ding, Ge Gao, Jiyan Cui, Chengguang Zhang, Tiesuo Zhao, Liangwei Duan, Hui Wang

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Genomic insights reveal community structure and phylogenetic associations of endohyphal bacteria and viruses in fungal endophytes by Efraín Escudero-Leyva, Michal Belle, Abolfazl DadkhahTehrani, James N. Culver, Marcelo Araya-Salas, Joseph P. Kutza, Natasha Goldson, Max Chavarría, Priscila Chaverri

“…Abstract Background Endohyphal microbial communities, composed of bacteria and viruses residing within fungal hyphae, play important roles in shaping fungal phenotypes, host interactions, and ecological functions. While endohyphal bacteria have been shown to influence fungal pathogenicity, secondary metabolism, and adaptability, much remains unknown about their diversity and host specificity. …”
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The transcription factor Ste12 mediates the regulatory role of the Tmk1 MAP kinase in mycoparasitism and vegetative hyphal fusion in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma atroviride. by Sabine Gruber, Susanne Zeilinger

“…Mycoparasitic species of the fungal genus Trichoderma are potent antagonists able to combat plant pathogenic fungi by direct parasitism. An essential step in this mycoparasitic fungus-fungus interaction is the detection of the fungal host followed by activation of molecular weapons in the mycoparasite by host-derived signals. …”
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Multiple Strategies for the Application of Medicinal Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Controlling Microbial Biofilm and Virulence Properties by Mulugeta Mulat, Riza Jane S. Banicod, Nazia Tabassum, Aqib Javaid, Abirami Karthikeyan, Geum-Jae Jeong, Young-Mog Kim, Won-Kyo Jung, Fazlurrahman Khan

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Pharmacological inhibition of key metabolic pathways attenuates Leishmania spp infection in macrophages. by Elaine Carvalho de Oliveira, Rafael Tibúrcio, Gabriela Duarte, Amanda Lago, Léon de Melo, Sara Nunes, Gustavo Gastão Davanzo, Ana Júlia Martins, Bruno Vinagre Ribeiro, Deborah Mothé, Juliana B P Menezes, Patrícia Veras, Natalia Tavares, Pedro M Moraes-Vieira, Cláudia Ida Brodskyn

“…Macrophages represent a fundamental component of the innate immune system that play a critical role in detecting and responding to pathogens as well as danger signals. Leishmania spp. infections lead to a notable alteration in macrophage metabolism, whereby infected cells display heightened energy metabolism that is linked to the integrity of host mitochondria. …”
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Current understanding of the Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex and its bacteriophages in ruminants: a review by Seon Young Park, Seon Young Park, Seongwon Seo, Ji Hyung Kim

“…Despite recent achievements, knowledge gaps exist in understanding phage–host interactions and evaluating the efficacy of phage in biologically relevant models, warranting the integration of ex vivo, in vivo, and in silico approaches. …”
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Protective Role of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Against <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium: Inflammation Moderation and Intestinal Microbiota Restoration by Yuxin Fan, Qinglong Song, Siyu Li, Jiayu Tu, Fengjuan Yang, Xiangfang Zeng, Haitao Yu, Shiyan Qiao, Gang Wang

“…However, the influence and potential applications of IAA in the context of animal pathogen infections remain underexplored. This study investigates the prophylactic effects of IAA pretreatment against <i>Salmonella</i> typhimurium (ST) SL1344 infection, focusing on its ability to attenuate inflammatory responses, enhance intestinal barrier integrity, inhibit bacterial colonization, and restore colonic microbiota dysbiosis. …”
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Artificial intelligence and machine learning in the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics—yesterday, today, and tomorrow by Elhoucine Elfatimi, Yassir Lekbach, Swayam Prakash, Lbachir BenMohamed, Lbachir BenMohamed, Lbachir BenMohamed, Lbachir BenMohamed

“…Today, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) are actively transforming vaccine and immunotherapeutic research by (i) offering predictive frameworks that support rapid, data-driven decision-making, (ii) integrating computational models, systems vaccinology, and multi-omics data (iii) helping to better phenotype, differentiate, and classify patients diseases and cancers; (iv), integrating host characteristics for tailored vaccines and immunotherapeutics; (v) refining the selection of B-and T-cell antigen/epitope targets to enhance efficacy and durability of immune protection; and (vi) enabling a deeper understanding of immune regulation, immune evasion, and regulatory pathways. …”
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Exploring T-cell metabolism in tuberculosis: development of a diagnostic model using metabolic genes by Shoupeng Ding, Chunxiao Huang, Jinghua Gao, Chun Bi, Yuyang Zhou, Zihan Cai

“…Abstract Objectives The early diagnosis and immunoregulatory mechanisms of active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remain unclear, and the role of metabolic genes in host–pathogen interactions requires further investigation. …”
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