Klinefelter syndrome and ADHD: a short systematic review by Lorenzo Zamboni, Francesca Fusina, Francesca Fusina, Rebecca Casari, Fabio Lugoboni, Thomas Zandonai, Thomas Zandonai, Sara Cappelletti, Angela Federico

“…Neuroimaging studies highlighted structural and functional differences in KS patients compared with controls, particularly in brain regions involved in executive function, working memory, and attention regulation. …”
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Plasma neurofilament light chain mediates the effect of subsyndromal symptomatic depression on cognitive decline in older adults by Chunhua Zhang, Chunhua Zhang, Bingyu Li, Kok Pin Ng, Kok Pin Ng, Guojuan Huang, Xijin Wang, Min Kong, Maowen Ba, Maowen Ba

“…Mediation analyses were performed to examine whether the rate of change in plasma NfL levels mediated the relationship between SSD and cognitive decline.ResultsParticipants with SSD exhibited a greater increase in plasma NfL levels and more pronounced declines in global cognition, memory, executive function, language, and processing speed over 2 years compared to non-SSD participants. …”
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Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies by Sasha Alcon, Sa Shen, Hong-nei Wong, Cynthia R. Rovnaghi, Leni Truong, Jordan K. H. Vedelli, Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand

“…Studies not included in these meta-analyses also showed negative effects on language and executive function. This systematic review characterizes the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and development of preschool children across the world. …”
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The relationships of resting-state brain entropy (BEN), ovarian hormones and behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS/BAS) by Donghui Song, Ze Wang

“…Furthermore, they elucidate the neural mechanisms through which PROG modulates impulsivity traits measured by BAS-drive: PROG enhances the temporal coherence (decreased entropy) of neural activity in the left DLPFC, which in turn increases temporal synchronization (increased FC) within this region during resting-state, and then enhances executive control functions, thereby negatively regulating impulsivity. …”
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Effect of caffeine on attack decision-making in trained beach volleyball players following prolonged cognitive effort induced by social media use: a randomized, single-blind, cross... by Yago P. Costa, Bianca Stefanny Lopes-da-Silva, Fabiano S. Fonseca, Maicon Albuquerque, Gilmário R. Batista, Leonardo S. Fortes

“…Mental fatigue was assessed by visual analog scale and executive function by Stroop task (accuracy and response time). …”
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activated effectors in principal neurons of the rat basolateral amygdala by Todd J. Sahagian, Scott W. Harden, Jennifer L. Bizon, Jennifer L. Bizon, Barry Setlow, Barry Setlow, Charles J. Frazier, Charles J. Frazier

“…Improved understanding of these effectors will provide potentially valuable new insights on the wide range of mechanisms through which cholinergic system dysfunction can lead to impaired executive function.…”
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Running and Thinking: Unmasking the Lingering Effects of Sports Concussions Through Complex Dual-Task Testing by Gabriel Lavoie, Mathieu Bolduc, Veronik Sicard, Franco Lepore, Dave Ellemberg

“…Athletes performed a complex rapid decision-making and executive function computerized task while walking continuously and maintaining a predetermined speed on a non-motorized treadmill (6.5 km/h). …”
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Virtual reality cognitive intervention for heart failure: CORE study protocol by Miyeon Jung, Liana G. Apostolova, Debra K. Moser, Irmina Gradus‐Pizlo, Sujuan Gao, Jeff L. Rogers, Susan J. Pressler

“…Our exploratory aims examine the associations between attention and several putative/established HF biomarkers (eg, oxygen saturation, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, apolipoprotein E, dopamine receptor, and dopamine transporter genes) as well as the effect of Nature‐VR on cognitive performance in other domains (ie, global cognition, memory, visuospatial, executive function, and language), cardiac and neurological events, and mortality. …”
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Prospective and retrospective memory in mild Alzheimer's disease Memória prospectiva e retrospectiva na doença de Alzheimer leve by Sergilaine Pereira Martins, Benito Pereira Damasceno

“…There was no correlation between prospective memory and attention, visual perception, executive function, or depression scores. CONCLUSION: Prospective and, in higher degree, retrospective memory are primarily and independently impaired in mild AD.…”
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A novel anthropometric method to accurately evaluate tissue deformation by Chongyang Ye, Xiaolu Li, Haiyan Song, Yu Shi, Ruixin Liang, Jun Zhang, Ka Po Lee, Zhaolong Chen, Beibei Zhou, Raymond Kai-Yu Tong, Kit-Lun Yick, Sun-Pui Ng, Joanne Yip

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Beyond motor learning: Insights from infant magnetic resonance imaging on the critical role of the cerebellum in behavioral development by Lauren Wagner, Melis E Cakar, Megan Banchik, Emily Chiem, Siobhan Sive Glynn, Amy H Than, Shulamite A Green, Mirella Dapretto

“…Although the cerebellum is now recognized for its crucial role in non-motor functions such as language, perceptual processes, social communication, and executive function in adults, it is often overlooked in studies of non-motor behavioral development in infancy. …”
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Exploration of personality in the patients with the inflammatory bowel disease by Trikoš Lela, Jojić Njegica, Knežević Goran, Živanović Marko, Svorcan Petar, Jovanović Aleksandar

“…The facets that adds the most predictive power to the discriminative function is the General Executive Impairment, followed by Warmth, Self-Discipline, Depression and Mania. …”
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Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease: a literature review by Xinlei Zhang, Lingling Zhu, Yuan Li, Hongna Yu, Tao Wang, Xiuli Chu

“…Recent clinical evidence demonstrates that rTMS can significantly improve cognitive function, memory, language abilities, and motor performance in AD patients, particularly when administered with optimized parameters targeting key brain regions, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. …”
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Predictive value of self-prioritized mobility factors on gait speed and life space in older nigerians: A cross-sectional study by Divine Esohe Eghomwanre, Freeman Ojeikere Ahonsi, Isreal Adandom, Tyler Sun, Daniel Rayner, Francis Kolawole, Henrietta Fawole, Soroush Shirazi, Michael Kalu

“…The gait speed model indicates that an increase in executive function, pain, respiratory system, body composition, fatigue, social factors, racial characteristics, marital status, social network, and fear of reinjury explain about 74 % of variation in gait speed. …”
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Beyond Latency: Chronic <i>Toxoplasma</i> Infection and Its Unveiled Behavioral and Clinical Manifestations—A 30-Year Research Perspective by Ashkan Latifi, Jaroslav Flegr

“…Studies have reported associations between infection and poorer performance in areas such as reaction time, processing speed, working memory, and executive function. Many of these behavioral changes likely relate to worsened health and a shift towards a “fast life history strategy.” …”
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Biofeedback for Motor and Cognitive Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Non-Invasive Interventions by Pierluigi Diotaiuti, Giulio Marotta, Salvatore Vitiello, Francesco Di Siena, Marco Palombo, Elisa Langiano, Maria Ferrara, Stefania Mancone

“…EEG neurofeedback targeted abnormal cortical oscillations, such as beta-band overactivity and reduced frontal theta, and was associated with improvements in motor initiation, executive functioning, and cognitive flexibility. However, the reviewed studies were heterogeneous in design and outcome measures, limiting generalizability. …”
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Assessment of cognitive impairment in Tunisian hypertensive patients by Syrine Saidane, Ahlem Khannouch, Hakim Lamine, Ihsen Zairi, Khadija Mzoughi, Sondes Kraiem

“…All participants underwent neuropsychological assessment using three tests exploring cognitive function: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Memory and Executive Screening (MES). …”
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Ante-mortem cognitive trajectories associated with Aβ and tau biomarker profiles in older adults with cerebrovascular disease: a longitudinal cohort study by Emily Rosenich, Yen Ying Lim, on behalf of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center

“…Linear mixed models assessed rate of change in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite scores, episodic memory, and executive function. Results A + T + adults demonstrated significantly faster cognitive decline on all outcomes in the ~ 10 years preceding death compared to A − T− adults (d = 0.34–0.46). …”
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Cognitive weaknesses or impairments on the NIH toolbox cognition battery in children and adolescents: base rates in a normative sample and proposed methods for classification by Nathan E. Cook, Nathan E. Cook, Nathan E. Cook, Grant L. Iverson, Grant L. Iverson, Grant L. Iverson, Grant L. Iverson, Justin E. Karr

“…IntroductionThe National Institutes of Health Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) is a brief neuropsychological battery for the assessment of crystalized (i.e., vocabulary and word reading) and fluid cognition (i.e., working memory, visual episodic memory, processing speed, and executive functions). …”
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rTMS for enhancing cognitive reserve: A case report by Chiara Di Fazio, Eugenio Scaliti, Mario Stanziano, Anna Nigri, Greta Demichelis, Marco Tamietto, Sara Palermo

“…The elderly woman underwent rTMS treatment targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region critical for executive functions and mood regulation. Significant improvements were observed in attention, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility, as evidenced by reductions in completion times on the Trail Making Test (TMT). …”
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